INTRO TO GILDED AGE & PROGRESSIVE ERA Urbanization to Muckrakers

URBANIZATION During the Gilded Age, Urbanization was rapid. Many people were moving to cities in search of factory jobs. . Issues in our cities: Overcrowding Crime Disease Poverty Exploitation

Immigrants & Emigrants Throughout the Gilded Age, millions of people were migrating to America in search of jobs. Most immigrants moved to big cities in the north. Immigrant = A person who comes in to a country to take up permanent residence Emigrant =A person who leaves (exits) their country for residence elsewhere

IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE Most immigrants traveled in Steerage which was the open area below deck on ships Upon arriving to New York most steerage passengers were processed at Ellis Island in New York, or Angel Island in San Francisco.

75% of all immigrants entered the USA through the immigration center at Ellis Island, in New York Immigrants had to pass a health examination and anyone with a serious health problem or disease was not let in Inspectors questioned immigrants to made sure that they were not criminals, could work, and had some money ($25) The processing of immigrants on Ellis Island was an ordeal that might take five hours or more. First, they. Those who passed the medical exam then reported to a government inspector. The

City life for Immigrants The “New” groups usually congregates together and formed an isolated community and institutions in the giant and growing cities of America. This is how Little Italy and China Town started. Since immigrants had the power to vote, they used their large numbers to build powerful political groups that dominated some large Cities and industries in those cities. New York City: Ethnic Communities

Tenements Immigrants usually lived in Tenements, rundown apartment buildings usually housing multiple families. They were also used as a place to work from. They usually had no indoor plumbing.

How did people react to immigrants coming to America? They were looked down upon and discriminated against. See cartoons. Xenophobia- anti foreigner attitudes Nativism- The idea of blaming immigrants for problems. The would close to the newcomer the bridge that carried them and their fathers.

Chinese Exclusion Act  Chinese Exclusionary Act 1882 banned Chinese immigration for 10 years

Americanization Outside the U.S. = refers to Influence the United States of America has on the culture of other countries Within the United States = the term  refers to the process of assimilation by immigrants.

Gallery Walk

WHEN YOU ARRIVE TO A PICUTRE, WRITE DOWN THE PICTURE’S NUMBER ON YOUR NOTEBOOK PAPER. FOR EACH PICTURE, EACH STUDENT MUST ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:   What problems or issues do you see in the picture? How could you fix the problems in the picture? What complications will you face while trying to fix the problem?

MUCKRAKERS The term muckraker was used in the Progressive Era to characterize reform-minded American journalists who relied on their own investigative journalism reporting; muckrakers often worked to expose social ills and corporate and political corruption.

Upton Sinclair In 1906, Sinclair acquired particular fame for his classic muckraking novel, T he Jungle, which exposed conditions in the U.S. meat packing industry, causing a public uproar that contributed in part to the passage a few months later of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act

Ida Tarbell  She was an American teacher, author and journalist. She was one of the leading muckrakers of the progressive era  She depicted John Rockefeller money- grabbing and vicious in her 1904 book, The History of the Standard Oil Company 

Jacob Riis He was a Danish American social reformer,"muckraking" journalist and s ocial documentary photographer. He is known for using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City. He wrote the book “How the other half live” to expose the awful living conditions in the cities.

Jane Addams She was a pioneer American settlement social worker, public philosopher sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage  Addams was one of the most prominent reformers of the Progressive Era. She helped turn America to issues of concern to mothers, such as the needs of children, local public health, and world peace. She said that if women were to be responsible for cleaning up their communities and making them better places to live, they needed to be able to vote to do so effectively.

Hull House It was a settlement house in the United States that was co- founded in 1889 by Jane Addams. Hull House (named for the home's first owner) became, at its inception in 1889, "a community of university women" whose main purpose was to provide social and educational opportunities for working class people (many of them recent European immigrants) in the surrounding neighborhood. The "residents" (volunteers at Hull were given this title) held classes in literature, history, art, domestic activities (such as sewing), In 1892, Addams published her thoughts on what has been described as "the three R's" of the settlement house movement: residence, research, and reform.