Dani Damec, Eva Parra, Alihi Volsteadt, Julia Weidman Chapter 36 Dani Damec, Eva Parra, Alihi Volsteadt, Julia Weidman

Key Concepts 6.1 - Science and the Environment 6.2 - Global Conflicts and their Consequences 6.3 - New Conceptualizations of Global Economy, Society, and Culture 6.1 #1 A #2 B, C 6.2 #4 C 6.3 #1 D #2 A,B,C, E, F #3 A, B, C #4 A, B

Sub-Concepts 6.1 1. A. New modes of communication and transportation virtually eliminated the problem of geographic distance. 2. B. Global warming was a major consequence of the release of greenhouse gases and other pollutants in the atmosphere. 2. C. Pollution threatened the world’s supply of water and clean air. Deforestation and desertification were continuing consequences of the human impact on the environment. Rates of extinction of other species accelerated sharply. 6.2 4. C. The U.S. and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers, which led to ideological struggles between capitalism and communism throughout the globe.

Sub-Concepts 6.3 1. D. At the end of the twentieth century, many governments encouraged free market economic policies and promoted economic liberalization. 2. A. New international organizations formed to maintain world peace and to facilitate international cooperation. 2. B. New economic institutions sought to spread the principles and practices associated with free market economics throughout the world. 2. C. Humanitarian organizations developed to respond to humanitarian crises throughout the world. 2. E. Multinational corporations began to challenge state authority and autonomy. 2. F. Movements throughout the world protested the inequality of environmental and economics consequences of global integration. +

Sub-Concepts 3. A. The notion of human rights gained traction throughout the world. 3. B. Increased interactions among diverse peoples sometimes led to the formation of new cultural identities and exclusionary reactions. 3. C. Believers developed new forms of spirituality and chose to emphasize particular aspects of practice within existing faiths and apply them to political issues. 4. A. Sports were more widely practiced and reflected national and social aspirations. 4. B. Changes in communication and transportation enabled the widespread diffusion of music and film.

Globalization What Caused Globalization? Communication New Politics The Spread of Cultures Global Commerce

The Spread of Technology Cellular Revolution Innovation of Computers Communication Revolution

International Commerce Greater Political Boundaries Global Investments Increase in Trade

Migration/Immigration 1950s-1960s: Guest workers became popular Greater transportation more travel Larger gap between industrialized cultures and less developed countries Cultural innovation

Globalization of Culture Spread through Global technologies, business organization Reduced political barriers Mass consumer goods Many types of culture spread Depended on wealth and urbanization, cultural globalization spread blending of global and local signals cultural internationalization It was complex and incomplete

Document: Protest Against Globalization December, 1999: Seattle Protest began at noon 2000 people Gathered at stage for speech Post-speech, ~200 people rioted at McDonald’s Founders and leaders of radical environmentalist groups attended Peaceful protest

Institutions of Globalization Slower globalization compared to business and technology and consumer culture Activity of UN increased after the Cold War Expansion of the World Health Organization SARS INGOs IMF and the World Bank NAFTA

Opposition to Globalization Globalization→ protest 1999 Seattle Protests Main Criticisms of Globalization Environmental concerns Multinational companies exploiting cheap labor Income gap Gap between different nations’ wealth and within nations

Nationalism Continuing Culture throughout Globalization Japan France Immigration U.S. China

Religion Religions not necessarily against globalization Didn’t want 1 global culture Many religious leaders learned to use the Internet and other tech to their advantage Collapse of communism→ return to faith Religion → conflicts

Fundamentalism Protestant Eastern Europe Latin America India Hindu fundamentalism became more popular China Falun Gong Islam Taliban Reaction to Soviet occupation

Fundamentalism Appealed to those globalization did not affect or harmed Intolerance Terrorism 9-11 World Trade Center Bombing of a hotel in Bali, Indonesia In protest of Australian tourists Terrorism was not supported by most religious groups

The Global Environment New environmental problems result from industrialization Competition between countries increased desire of economic growth regardless of environmental consequences Advancement of technology increased pollution

New Disproportions Wealthy ⅕ of humanity consumed ⅘ of products! These groups produced over 70 percent of the Earth’s pollution Huge amounts of poverty and overpopulation

Disease and the Greenhouse Effect A current topic of debate and the government Global contacts increased disease The Greenhouse Effect has led to substantial warming

Toward the Future Some argue that trends from history can be used to predict the future Dramatic climate change and resource exhaustion may occur However, there is no way to predict the future