Phylum Porifera and Cnidaria I can: Characteristics of sponges and what makes the Porifera Give examples Characteristics of Cnidarians Define/draw nematocyst and physiology Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

Numerical Distribution of the Animal Kingdom Phylum Porifera and Cnidaria Numerical Distribution of the Animal Kingdom Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

- simplest invertebrate animal (without vertebrae) PHYLUM PORIFERA Sponges are - simplest invertebrate animal (without vertebrae) - mostly marine, some fresh - bodies contain pores - thus the name “Porifera”. Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

Sponges are habitat for many marine organisms. They are multicellular but organized at the cellular level only - without tissues or organs. Beating flagella pump water through the pores bringing food and oxygen. Sponges can pump volumes of water up to 20,000 times their own volume. This cleans the oceans as the sponges feed on bacteria and plankton. Digestion occurs in the amebocytes. Sponges are habitat for many marine organisms. Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

Reproduction may be sexual or asexual. Asexual is by external buds or internal gemmules. Sexual is by broadcasting gametes into the water. The meroplanktonic larvae settle into sessile adults. Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

Three types of sponges have different supporting structures: 1. Calcareous – with supporting spicules NOAA 2. Glass sponges – with silica spicules; typically found in great depth Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

(The kitchen-style “sponges” were never living animals.) 3. Demosponges –with elastic fibers called spongin; used as commerical sponges (The kitchen-style “sponges” were never living animals.) Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

Jellyfish, Anemones and Corals Cnidarians: Jellyfish, Anemones and Corals Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

ex: (jellyfish, anemones, corals) PHYLUM CNIDARIA ex: (jellyfish, anemones, corals) - two tissue layers - an outer epidermis and inner gastroderm - nerve net with stinging capsules called nematocysts radial symmetry with 2 body types: 1. polyp 2. medusa Portuguese man-of-war a colonial Cnidarian Sea Anemone Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

ex: brain, staghorn, golf ball The coral animal may live as a free-floating polyp or build colonies into reefs, but not all corals build reefs. 1. stony coral - hermatypic or reef builders. The polyp grows in 6 parts to form a body of calcium carbonate ex: brain, staghorn, golf ball Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

Some are carnivores with digestion in food vacuoles. The Siphonophora (Man of War) has a gas filled float and individuals that function like specialized organs. NOAA Some are carnivores with digestion in food vacuoles. Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

2. soft coral - polyps with 8 tentacles While part of the reef, they do not build reefs because their bodies are a soft keratin. ex. sea fans, gorgonians 3. hydrocoral - false corals resemble the anemone and contain powerful neumatocysts that cause skin irritation ex: fire coral NOAA Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

NOAA The Australian box jellyfish is considered the most venomous marine animal. Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point