Continental Margins: Active vs. Passive

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Presentation transcript:

Continental Margins: Active vs. Passive

Different Continental Margins

Active vs. Passive There are two types of margins: Active (Pacific-type) Passive (Atlantic-type) Both are influenced by the process of plate tectonics such as: Erosion, deposition, uplift and subsidence Also influenced by climatic changes such as sea level rise and fall due to changing ice caps.

Active Continental Margin

Passive Continental Margin

Active Margins Located near or adjacent to a plate boundary. Earthquakes & volcanic activity. Most commonly a subduction zone. Dominated by erosional features as shoreline is retreating landward. Narrow continental shelf, steep continental slope, and continental rise is commonly absent. Sediment poor; falls in trenches

Active Margins

Active Margins – Erosional Features Erosional coasts with cliffs and narrow beaches. Big Sur, Central California

Active Margins – Erosional Features Sea Stacks & Sea Arches Cabo San Lucas Pocket Beaches Features show where land “used” to be. Terraces show ancient shorelines. Marine Terraces of San Clemente Island

Active Margins – Landslides

Passive Margins Located far from active plate boundaries. Continental margins usually surround an active spreading center. Dominated by depositional features as shoreline is building outward. Wide continental shelf, moderate continental slope, and a well developed continental rise. Sediment-rich

Passive Margins

Passive Margin – Depositional Features Chesapeake Bay shows drowned valleys, capes, and barrier islands. Sediment from the continent is building outward, not eroding. Cape

Passive Margin – Depositional Features Barrier Islands Capes (Cape Cod) River Deltas Barrier Island – Manhattan Island

Passive Margin – Beaches Wide beaches that are very flat. No cliffs. Lots of sediment!!!

Passive Margin – Hazards Barrier Island before hurricane Ivan and after hurricane Ivan. A lighthouse is shown in the box.

Passive Margin – Hazards Climate change is causing the ice caps to melt. If they completely melt, this is what will happen to passive continental margins.