The Battle of Gallipoli By Nate, Austin, Hannah, Anna, and Noa

The Background February 19, 1915 - January 9, 1916 Gallipoli peninsula in the Ottoman Empire, northwest coast of Turkey between Gulf of Saros and Dardanelles Rear Admiral John de Robeck (British) used navy to go through straits and drive out the Turks Commander Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (Turks) caused ANZAC (Australian and New Zealand army corps) to go to shore, the British were not able to occupy shore allowing the Turks to control the area

Strategy Allies: Navy Force navy to lessen land Attack around peninsula Try to force passage into Dardanelles straits These ships were sunk underestimate Turkey because the Ottoman empire had been beaten so many times in other battles Did not have any way to receive supplies, therefore resources were scarce

Strategy Allies: Land Two landings one by British troops at Cape Helles, base of peninsula the western Aegean coast - Anzac Cove The goal was not to have infantry march to Constantinople, but to destroy the forts and guns protecting the Dardanelles using a naval battery so minesweepers could clear a path for British and French naval ships to sail unimpeded into the Sea of Marmora and to Constantinople

Strategy Ottoman Turks: Were underestimated Well dug in and heavily fortified on higher ground they had been reinforced six times over Use of high ground Well disciplined Turkish coastal forts and gun batteries Received supplies from Russia through the Black Sea

The Battle Troops from Australia, New Zealand, Britain and France Land on Gallipoli Peninsula in the Ottoman Empire Near Constantinople and Dandelles Strait after naval bombardment of forts. Goal: A key war aim of the Allies was an economic blockade on Germany and Austria-Hungary to cut off their ability to import raw materials to fight an industrial-scale war. Also, to determine who controlled the sea routes from Europe to Russia during World War I.

The Battle The Allies planned a large land invasion, but after three battleships were sunk by naval mines and bad weather, it had to be postponed. On April 25, 1915, Allied troops from Australia, New Zealand, Britain, and France landed on the beaches at Gallipoli. The Allies proceeded to move their naval forces into the Strait of Dardanelles. They had success initially, but were slowly worn down by Ottoman attacks. Eventually, the Allied progress stalled. Finally, after the defeat of Serbia, the Germans and Austro-Hungarians were able to begin reinforcing their Ottoman allies. The Allies commenced their evacuation, getting all remaining troops out with minimal casualties.

The Battle

Winners The Gallipoli Campaign resulted in a decisive Ottoman victory. The Turks used their higher ground and home field advantage to outwit and outsmart the Allies. The Allies’ use of the navy with no backing from ground forces led to a swift defeat when the navy was weakened. Additionally,Germany and Austro-Hungary were able to reinforce the weak Ottoman army after they defeated Serbia, a force the Allies did not anticipate.

Outcomes -No direct impact on the progress of the war -Massive casualties for the Allies -Ended the romanticism surrounding the war -Established the strength and spirit of the Australian people to the world -Boosted nationalism in Australia -Unified Australian colonies -ANZAC Day (April 25) to honor the soldiers who fought

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