Aim # 55: How can we compare chromosome mutations and gene mutations? Date: March 6th, 2017-period 5 Aim # 55: How can we compare chromosome mutations and gene mutations? HW: Daily Review of Class Notes Sexual Reproduction Review due Tuesday Test Friday Do Now: Name three GENE mutations and a brief description. What is nondisjunction? Define monosomy and trisomy. What causes Down’s Syndrome?

Aim # 55: How can we compare chromosome mutations and gene mutations? Date: March 6th, 2017-period 1 Aim # 55: How can we compare chromosome mutations and gene mutations? HW: Daily Review of Class Notes Sexual Reproduction Review due Wednesday Test Thursday Do Now: Define the term mutation. How does a mutation affect the protein product? Use the terms: bases, amino acids, shape, function

Aim #55: How can we compare chromosome mutations & gene mutations?

1) Chromosome Mutation: Causes a change in chromosome number. Nondisjunction- occurs when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis.

2) Trisomy Vs Monosomy: Trisomy 21 Monosomy X 3 Copies of a Chromosome 1 copy of a homologous pair Down Syndrome Turner Syndrome

3) What causes nondisjunction to occur? No one really knows for sure, but the older the age of the mother the greater the likelihood of having a child with Down Syndrome. Trisomy 21

4) Chromosome Damage: Part of a chromosome is repeated. missing. Reversing a fragment of the chromosome. A fragment of one chromosome attaches to a Non homologous chromosome.

II. Gene Mutations: Is due to a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. They can involve large regions of a chromosome or just a single nucleotide pair.

2) Genetic Diseases caused by gene mutations: Cystic Fibrosis Faulty gene produces a defective protein that does not allow for the proper removal of mucous lining the cells of the lung and GI tract.

3) Gene Mutations: Tay-Sachs Disease Faulty gene produces a defective enzyme which cannot help remove fat from nerve cells.

4) Sickle-Cell Anemia: One base is substituted for another and this causes the production of a distorted hemoglobin molecule (protein) which cannot function properly.

5) What do these three gene mutations have in common? They all affect the shape of proteins!! If we change the shape of proteins (enzymes) they will not function properly and this will affect our phenotype.

Amoeba Sisters Mutations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GieZ3pk9YVo