Konsep dan Routing Protocol

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Presentation transcript:

Konsep dan Routing Protocol

OBJEKTIF Memahami batasan RIPv1. Mengaplikasikan arahan konfigurasi dan penilaian kemaskini RIPv2 classless routing Menganalisis keluaran router untuk melihat fungsi RIPv2 untuk VLSM dan CIDR Kenal pasti arahan pengesahan RIPv2 dan isu-isu RIPv2. Konfigurasi, mengesahkan, dan menyelesaikan masalah RIPv2 "hands-on" makmal

PENGENALAN Tajuk utama -Perbezaan antara RIPv1 & RIPv2 RIPv1 -Routing protokol mempunyai jarak vektor -Tidak menyokong discontinuous subnets -Tidak menyokong VLSM -Tidak menghantar subnet mask kedalam routing update -Routing updates are broadcast RIPv2 Routing protokol mempunyai jarak tidak bervektor -Menyokong discontinuous subnets -Menyokong VLSM -Kemaskini routing secara multicast -Menggunakan pengesahan sebagai option

PENGENALAN Persamaan between RIPv1 & RIPv2 Menggunakan masa untuk mengelakkan berlakunya routing loops Use of split horizon or split horizon with poison reverse Use of triggered updates Bilangan maksimum hop ialah 15

RIPv1 Limitations [Lab Topology] Scenario: 3 router set up Topology is discontiguous There exists a static summary route Static route information can be injected into routing table updates using redistribution. Routers 1 & 3 contain VLSM networks

RIPv1 Limitations [Scenario Continued] VLSM -Recall this is sub netting the subnet Private IP addresses are on LAN links Public IP addresses are used on WAN links Loopback interfaces -These are virtual interfaces that can be pinged and added to routing table

RIPv1 Limitations Null Interfaces Static routes and null interfaces Ini adalah interface vitual yg mana tidak perlu dibina dan dikonfigurasi -Trafik yang dihantar ke interface dibuang -Null interfaces tidak menerima dan menghantar trafik Static routes and null interfaces null interfaces berfungsi di antara muka keluaran dalam statik route -Example of configuring a static supernet route with a null interface -R2(config)#ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 Null0

RIPv1 Limitations Route redistribution - Arahan pengagihan semula adalah satu cara untuk menyebarkan laluan statik dari satu router yang lain melalui protokol routing -Example R2(config-router)#redistribute static

RIPv1 Limitations

RIPv1 Limitations Pengujian dan Pengesahan sambungan Menggunakan arahan berikut: show ip interfaces brief ping traceroute

RIPv1 Limitations RIPv1 – is a classful routing protocol Subnet mask tidak dihantar semasa kemaskini routing Summarizes networks at major network boundaries if network is discontiguous and RIPv1 configured convergence will not be reached

RIPv1 Limitations Memeriksa routing tables -Untuk memeriksa kandungan update routing menggunakan arahan debug ip rip Jika RIPv1 dikonfigurasi kemudian Subnetmask tidak disertakan bersama network address

RIPv1 Limitations

RIPv1 Limitations RIPv1 tidak menyokong VLSM RIPv1 tidak menghantar subnet mask dalam kemaskini routing. RIPv1 does summarize routes to the Classful boundary Atau menggunakan Subnetmask antaramuka keluaran untuk menentukan yang subnets untuk mengiklan

RIPv1 Limitations

RIPv1 Limitations Tidak menyokong CIDR Dalam rajah disebelah, R2 tidak termasuk dalam kemaskini statik route Menyokong laluan CIDR yang diringkaskan dengan subnetmask yang lebih kecil daripada topeng subnet classful

RIPv1 Limitations

Konfigurasi RIPv2 Perbandingan antara Format Mesej RIPv1 & RIPv2 Format mesej RIPv2 hampir sama dengan RIPv1 tetapi mempunyai 2 extension 1st extension is the subnet mask field 2nd extension is the addition of next hop address

Konfigurasi RIPv2

Konfigurasi RIPv2 Pengesahan dan kebolehgunaan RIPv2 Configuring RIP on a Cisco router By default it is running RIPv1

Konfigurasi RIPv2 Configuring RIPv2 on a Cisco router -Requires using the version 2 command -RIPv2 ignores RIPv1 updates To verify RIPv2 is configured use the show ip protocols command

Konfigurasi RIPv2

Konfigurasi RIPv2 Auto-Summary & RIPv2 RIPv2 secara automatik akan meringkaskan laluan di sempadan rangkaian utama dan juga boleh meringkaskan laluan dengan subnet mask yang lebih kecil daripada topeng subnet classful

Konfigurasi RIPv2

Konfigurasi RIPv2 Tidak boleh menggunakan Auto-Summary dalam RIPv2 Untuk tidak menggunakan Auto-Summary gunakan arahan berikut : no auto-summary

Konfigurasi RIPv2 Pengesahan pengemaskinian RIPv2 Bila menggunakan RIPv2 dengan automatik ringkasan dimatikan Setiap subnet dan mask telah masuk sendiri, bersama-sama dengan antara muka keluar dan seterusnya bertukar-tukar alamat untuk mencapai subnet itu. Untuk pengesahan maklumat yang dihantar oleh RIPv2, gunakan arahan berikut : debug ip rip command

VLSM & CIDR RIPv2 dan VLSM Rangkaian menggunakan skema VLSM IP addressing Gunakan protokol routing tanpa kelas (iaitu RIPv2) untuk menyebarkan alamat rangkaian dan subnet mask mereka

VLSM & CIDR

VLSM & CIDR CIDR menggunakan Supernetting Supernetting adalah sekumpulan rangkaian berdampingan classful yang dialamatkan sebagai satu rangkaian tunggal.

VLSM & CIDR Gunakan arahan berikut untuk pengesahan supernet telah dihantar atau diterima -Show ip route -Debug ip rip

VLSM & CIDR

Pengesahan & Troubleshooting RIPv2 Langkah langkah asas Troubleshoot -semak status semua link -periksa kabel -Periksa IP address & konfigurasi subnetmask -Buang arahan konfigurasi yang tidak diperlukan Arahan yang digunakan untuk pengesahan operasi RIPv2 Show ip interfaces brief Show ip protocols Debug ip rip Show ip route

Verifying & Troubleshooting RIPv2 Common RIPv2 Issues Bila troubleshoot RIPv2 memeriksa perkara2 berikut: Version pastikan menggunakan version 2 Network statements Network statements mugkin salah atau hilang Automatic summarization If summarized routes are not needed then disable automatic summarization

Pengesahan & Troubleshooting RIPv2 mengapa ia baik untuk mengesahkan maklumat routing ?? -Menghalang kemungkinan kemaskini menerima laluan tidak sah -Kandungan update routing adalah encrypted Jenis-jenis protokol routing yang boleh menggunakan pengesahan -RIPv2 -EIGRP -OSPF -IS-IS -BGP

Ringkasan RIPv1 Yes No RIPv2 Routing Protocol Distance Vector Classless Uses Hold-Down Timers Use of Split Horizon or Split Horizon w/ Poison Reverse Max Hop count = 15 Auto Summary Support CIDR Supports VLSM Uses Authen-tication RIPv1 Yes No RIPv2

End Chapter 07