New Drivers for the Range of Public Health Information: Healthy People 2020 Information Access Project and the Public Health Literature Mapping Study Nancy Schaefer, MLIS, AHIP, University of Florida Health Science Center Libraries Melissa L. Rethlefsen, MLS, AHIP, Education Technology Librarian, Mayo Clinic Libraries Kay H. Smith, MLS, AHIP, Associate Professor/Community Services Librarian, UAB Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences

What is Healthy People? A set of national objectives for improving the health of all Americans. Basically, a strategic plan to: ID nationwide health improvement priorities Increase public awareness and understanding of the determinants of health, disease and disability Engage multiple sectors in actions to strengthen policies and improve practice, driven by the best available evidence and knowledge ID critical needs for research, evaluation and data collection

How does it work? At 10-year intervals: Public health experts from multiple agencies prepare draft objectives The Federal Interagency Workgroup reviews public comments on the objectives selects and refines final objectives Throughout the decade, data are collected to enable monitoring of progress on the objectives Healthy People 2020 builds on these 4 previous Healthy People initiatives: 1979 Surgeon General’s Report, Healthy People: The Surgeon General’s Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Healthy People 1990: Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for the Nation Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives Healthy People 2010: Objectives for Improving Health

Healthy People 2020 Subject Areas New indicates subject areas added for the 2020 objectives that were not in the last set of Healthy People objectives (2010.)

Healthy People 2020 - Sample Objectives for the Cancer subject area:

Information Access Project Purpose: Facilitate public health practitioners’ use of evidence to select interventions/health promotion strategies to meet the Healthy People 2010 objectives. Process: DHHS experts selected 3-9 objectives in each of the 28 subject areas of Healthy People 2010 The National Library of Medicine recruited librarians who served public health users The librarians developed search strategies in the predominantly clinical PubMed database for each selected objective DHHS expert reviewed results for gaps and irrelevant retrievals The librarians revised the search strategies. DHHS standards occasionally required several review-and-refine cycles NLM mounted finalized strategies in the Topic Specific section of PubMed Process Point 1: Use of these pre-formulated strategies was so high that even before release of the final 2020 objectives, public health practitioners were “clamoring” for strategies for ALL objectives in the new set. Consequently, DHHS did not select objectives for pre-formulated searches: Every one of the 2020 objectives will have a pre-formulated search. No longer a pilot of limited searches, it was renamed from Information Access Project to Structured Evidence Queries.

Navigating to final pre-formulated HP searches in PubMed

Single click delivers ACTIVE search results Strategy appears in: Search Box Search Details box in right sidebar and Search History for: review modification combination with other search results setting up of alerts of new items meeting search criteria

Numbers prove “if you build it, they will come” From: Marjorie A. Cahn, Ione Auston, Catherine R. Selden, Keith Cogdill, Stacy Baker, Debra Cavanaugh, Sterling Elliott, Allison J. Foster, Carolyn J. Leep, Debra Joy Perez, and Blakely R. Pomietto, The Partners in Information Access for the Public Health Workforce: a collaboration to improve and protect the public's health, 1995–2006. J Med Libr Assoc. 2007 July; 95(3): 301–309. doi: 10.3163/1536-5050.95.3.301

PH Lit Mapping Project - History Summer 2010 – Kay Smith queried Public Health/Health Administration section of MLA’s discussion list about core journal titles in a particular topic area Subsequent exchange between Ms. Smith and Ms. Rethlefsen: “somebody should do something” about mapping the public health literature Fall 2010 – Smith & Rethlefsen initiated the mapping project

PH Lit Mapping Project Process Sources American Journal of Public Health - Process published in 2007 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P MC2000783/) MODIFIED from NAHRS protocol http://nahrs.mlanet.org/activity/mapping/Prot ocol_2010.pdf to investigate hypothesis that several types of non-journal literature are being cited in significant numbers in some sub-disciplines of public health

Citation Analysis Process Identify source journal(s) Count number of total references and number of referenced journal articles over 3-year period Pull two sample sets, one from total and one from articles only Sample 1: Record type and age of citation Sample 2: Record age and cited journal Analyze data

Subject Areas Being Researched Environmental Health PH Informatics Epidemiology PH Practice Global Health HIV/AIDS Health Policy/ Infectious/Emerging Disease Economics Disasters/Preparedness Maternal-Child Health Health Disparities PH Nutrition Occupational Health

Ultimate Goal Publication, dissemination for use in decision-making in collection management and staff training: Key journal titles and broader disciplines for each specialty Monograph/serials budgeting Collection management and weeding decisions based on materials age Grey literature needs Key titles: The study’s purpose is to show the scope and range of the necessary materials for research and practice in each field. For example, in environmental health, pulmonology and respiratory journals are hugely important, as are water science, agriculture, and engineering titles. Preliminary data collected by August 18 indicated that 85% of the citations in environmental health were to journal articles. For infectious disease, this percentage was 91%. Budgeting: If your school or agency is really strong in a sub-discipline (i.e. environmental health), you might want to have a higher budget for monographs than if your school/agency only works in infectious diseases, where we believe our research will prove there’s a much heavier dependence on journals. Age: Some PH fields definitely use older materials than others, and the push--especially in public health departments--is to get rid of older materials. We want to see what fields use older materials and how old that material is. We don’t have enough results back to make valid conclusions, but 3 fields (environmental health, occupational health and infectious disease) the 11-20 year old range was cited a lot more than two of the coauthors thought it would be. Grey literature: Some students don’t even think to look for grey lit when searching for materials to support their research. Cataloging some key grey lit might just help folks to remember, especially because in our experience, Grey lit is very important to some of the sub-disciplines of public health. Should we be collecting and cataloging it? If your school/agency does significant research/teaching with grey lit, should reference staff get training to look for it and tech services staff to catalog it?

Lessons Learned Healthy People 2020 Searches Librarians in all types of libraries—federal, state, non-profit--are thinly-stretched in terms of their time/energy and library budgets Despite improvements over the past 8 years, PubMed still lacks the breadth of controlled vocabulary needed for precise evidence-based public health searching Public Health Literature Mapping: No one has print anymore! Citation analysis is time consuming, but a sampling process takes less time than global citation analysis

Hope these tools prove useful for your users and resource collection! Nancy Schaefer 352.273.8417 nancys@ufl.edu Melissa Rethlefsen mlrethlefsen@gmail.com Kay Hogan-Smith khogan@uab.edu