Community Mobilization, Design and Partnership Arrangements in Conservancies Enabling Livestock Based Economies in Kenya to Adapt to Climate Change: A Review of PES from Wildlife Tourism as a Climate Change Adaptation Option ILRI, Nairobi, 15 February 2012 Dickson ole Kaelo, Basecamp Foundation Kenya Department of Land Resource Management & Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi

Community Mobilization Why Mobilize Understanding the community Understanding the issue (s) Facilitating open Dialogue The shared vision, the obstacle to the attainment of the vision, the historical challenges The role of Research and Research Dissemination – Reto o Reto project

The motivation Government Policy – e.g KWS Policy for community areas A conservation organization e.g AWF, WWF, ACC Tourism operator(s) – self motivated or response to opinion leader(s) request Importing lessons from ‘successful’ case studies Lessons e.g learning from past mistakes

Setting the Agenda – Problem analysis

The Road to a Conservancy 2 yr Community Mobilization/readiness Phase Community Voicing Informal & formal Consultations The trigger/catalyst Community negotiators Conservancy Boundary setting Community Mobilization – general information meetings Formation of community committees and subgroups – Representation Approaching partners

9. Negotiations/advocacy/campaign – leadership, interest groups, membership 10. Signing of contracts or consensus 11. Launch event 12. Community projects – for buy in 13. Education tours 14. Annual General Meeting

Conservancy development Mapping of Resources and key features Setting up of legal structure and business model Management plan & code of conduct Environmental Impact Assessment Recruitment of Conservancy management Planning and Evaluation Ecostorm Marketing – website, blog, facebook, press articles and documentaries

The stakeholders – Diverse & Different

Many stakeholders, diverse needs, Conflicting interests Expectation Landowner(s) Income, control, information, recognition, access, healthy land, grass, water, lots of fat cows/shoats Tourism investor(s) Profits, Access, exclusive use, control, best tourism product, many lions, few cows Conservation organization Conservation goals, community benefits Adjacent Community Pastures, water, salt licks, social projects Conservancy Management Stakeholder interest,conservation goals Supporters (technical & financial) Measurable longterm Success Government Tourism revenue, contribute to Vision 2030, MDGs, National Conservation goals

stakeholders engagement Market day outings Informal (section based meetings) Negotiating committee Land Owners Committee, sub committees, executive board Enkig’uena (community parliament) Community Liaison officer/facilitator Formal Meetings with partners Partners exclusive meetings

Operational Structure

Legal tools Companies Act Registered Land Leases Management Agreement License to operate Code of Conduct Management Plans/master plans EIAs

Revenue Management designs Conservation fee collection – Monthly or quarterly distribution (equaly or based on land holding Negotiated Guaranteed rent per/Ha per year Provisions for increment – adhoc, pegged on inflation, 5 year reviews Additional benefits – Bednight fee, murram fee,

Conservancy Management designs Members acting as managers Employed external Manager Contracted company Shared contracted management

Mara Conservancies 103,000Ha

The Challenge Lack of a policy framework – Draft Wildlife Bill???? High cost – Land lease tax, negotiation process, payment of landowners, management costs, preparation of management plans, Income dilution thro’ intergenerational land subdivision Challenges affecting tourism Tourism – Pastoralism conflicts Non Members influence and dissatisfaction Lack of an ecosystem wide plan to guide conservancy development

Ashe Oleng - Thanks