Course : WEB ENGINEERING Paper Code: ETCS-308 TOPIC: Web1.0_2.0_3.0

Web 1.0 Web 1.0 refers to the first stage in the World Wide Web, which was entirely made up of Web pages connected by hyperlinks. Although the exact definition of Web 1.0 is a source of debate, it is generally believed to refer to the Web when it was a set of static websites or minimum interaction that were not yet providing interactive content. Web 1.0 is a one way communication. It is referring to the first stage of WWW’s evolution. Main focus was on building the web, making it accessible and commercializing it for the first time. Key Technologies: Java and javascript, HTML.

Web 2.0 The term "Web 2.0" was first used in January 1999 by Darcy DiNucci, an information architecture consultant. It is a two way communication. Also called “participatory web”. "move from personal websites to blogs and blog site aggregation, from publishing to participation, from web content as the outcome of large up-front investment to an ongoing and interactive process, and from content management systems to links based on tagging (folksonomy)". Web 2.0 describes World Wide Web sites that emphasize user-generated content, usability, and interoperability. The term was popularized by Tim O'Reilly and Dale Dougherty at the O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 Conference in late 2004, though it was coined by Darcy DiNucci in 1999. A Web 2.0 site may allow users to interact and collaborate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community, in contrast to Web sites where people are limited to the passive viewing of content. Examples of Web 2.0 include social networking sites, blogs, wikis,folksonomies, video sharing sites, hosted services, Web applications, and mashups.

Web 2.0 The key features of Web 2.0[29] include: Folksonomy - free classification of information; allows users to collectively classify and find information (e.g. tagging) Rich User Experience - dynamic content; responsive to user input User Participation - information flows two ways between site owner and site user by means of evaluation, review, and commenting. Site users add content for others to see Software as a service - Web 2.0 sites developed APIs to allow automated usage, such as by an app or mashup Mass Participation - Universal web access leads to differentiation of concerns from the traditional internet user base

Web 2.0

Web 2.0 Web 2.0 has many aspects: Business Models that survived and have promise for the future. Approaches such as services instead of products, the Web as a platform Examples Youtube, Wiki, Flickr, Facebook, Concepts such as folksonomies, syndication, participation, reputation Technologies such as AJAX, REST, Tags, Microformats, Jquery, RSS, JSON

Web 2.0 Web 2.0 Rich Internet Application Web-Oriented Architecture (RIA) Web-Oriented Architecture (WOA) Social Web Web 2.0 A rich Internet application (RIA; sometimes called an Installable Internet Application) is a Web application that has many of the characteristics of desktop application software defines how Web 2.0 applications expose their functionality so that other applications can leverage and integrate the functionality providing a set of much richer applications. Examples are feeds, RSS, Web Services, mash-ups defines how Web 2.0 tends to interact much more with the end user and make the end-user an integral part.

Web 2.0

Web 3.0 Web 3.0 is a term that has been coined to describe the evolution of Web usage and interaction that includes transforming the Web into a database. Tim Berners-Lee’s states that, the Web 3.0 is something akin to a “read-write- execute” web. The Semantic Web or Web 3.0 is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in co-operation.“ Web 3.0 is defined as the creation of high-quality content and services produced by gifted individuals using web 2.0 technologies as an enabling platform

WEB 3.0 Two main paths: Interchange of knowledge Semantic Web A ubiquitous Web Video on the Web Social Networks and Business Object Social networking sites, 3DWeb Video on Demand through Internet

Web 3.0 Perspectives Interchange of knowledge Ubiquitous Web: I think is the Natural evolution of the Web. It has to be everywhere on everything by nature. And much of the work is going in that direction. All the science fiction about it is becoming reality. We want things easier

Web 3.0 Perspectives Interchange of knowledge Video on the Web : On my point of view, there are two different sides of Video on the Web. Consortiums are working in order to make Video description available and the one that wants to We will have a database of links and information in the background. That is useful in my opinion and an advance in the Video industry in which they can embed more than just the visual meaning Video through the Web

Web 3.0 Perspectives Social Network and Business Object Social networking sites, 3DWeb and Video on Demand through Internet: Things are not being done as before and some of them are the way people meet people and the way we get entertaining. For sure socializing within the Web has changed or is changing our behaviour. And the way we watch movies or series is not only in TV anymore. These two ways, some companies have converted the Web, cost us a lot of resources (bandwidth, money and time) and leave us with less physical and regular social activities

Web 3.0 What does it need? Advanced Technology; Software, Hardware and Protocols. Larger Bandwidth and network capacity. A good level of Privacy, Security and Controllability should be granted over Web 3.0 to encourage people to use it.

Web3.0

Resource Description Framework (RDF) A standard of W3C Relationships between documents Consisting of triples or sentences: <subject, property, object> <“Mozart”, composed, “The Magic Flute” > RDFS extends RDF with standard “ontology vocabulary”: Class, Property Type, subClassOf domain, range

RDF for semantic annotation RDF provides metadata about Web resources Object -> Attribute-> Value triples It has an XML syntax Chained triples form a graph <rdf:Description rdf:about=“#ABCD”> <has_email>payam@msit.in</has_email> </rdf:Description> RDF has reification. Graph data model, property-centric approach.

RDF: Basic Ideas Resources Every resource has a URI (Universal Resource Identifier) A URI can be a URL (a web address) or a some other kind of identifier; An identifier does not necessarily enable access to a resources We can think of a resources as an object that we want to describe it. Books Person Places, etc.

RDF: Basic Ideas Properties Properties are special kind of resources; Properties describe relations between resources. For example: “written by”, “composed by”, “title”, “topic”, etc. Properties in RDF are also identified by URIs. This provides a global, unique naming scheme.

Ontologies The term ontology is originated from philosophy. In that context it is used as the name of a subfield of philosophy, namely, the study of the nature of existence. For the Semantic Web purpose: “An ontology is an explicit and formal specification of a conceptualisation”. (R. Studer)

Ontologies and Semantic Web In general, an ontology describes formally a domain of discourse. An ontology consists of a finite list of terms and the relationships between the terms. The terms denote important concepts classes of objects) of the domain. For example, in a university setting, staff members, students, courses, modules, lecture theatres, and schools are some important concepts.

Ontologies and Semantic Web (cont’d) In the context of the Web, ontologies provide a shared understanding of a domain. Such a shared understanding is necessary to overcome the difference in terminology. Ontologies are useful for improving accuracy of Web searches. Web searches can exploit generalization/specialization information.

Ontologies (OWL) RDFS is useful, but does not solve all possible requirements Complex applications may want more possibilities: similarity and/or differences of terms (properties or classes) construct classes, not just name them can a program reason about some terms? E.g.: “if «Person» resources «A» and «B» have the same «foaf:email» property, then «A» and «B» are identical” etc. This lead to the development of OWL (Web Ontology Language) source: Introduction to the Semantic Web, Ivan Herman, W3C

Web 4.0 Web 4.0 is the impending state at which all information converges. It will be possible to build more powerful interfaces such as mind controlled interfaces using web 4.0. In simple words, machines would be clever on reading the contents of the web, and react in the form of executing. Web 4.0 will be the read-write-execution-concurrency web.

Web 5.0 Web 5.0 is still an underground idea in progress and there is no exact definition of how it would be. Web 5.0 can be considered as Symbionet web/wise web.

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