“ The Fourth Branch of Government” The Bureaucracy “ The Fourth Branch of Government”

Bureaucracy Round Robin Directions----HAND WRITTEN…..NO COMPUTERS 1. Using your worksheet you were asked to print, complete the section you were assigned.--- 20 MINUTES A. Vocabulary B. Compare and contrast the American and British models of government bureaucracy. C. Sketch the history of the executive branch bureaucracy and the different uses to which it has been put. D. Discuss the recruitment, retention, and demographic profiles of federal bureaucrats. E. Show how the roles and missions of the agencies are affected by internal and external factors. F. Review congressional measures to control the bureaucracy and evaluate their effectiveness. G. List the “pathologies” that may affect bureaucracies and discuss why it is so difficult to reform the executive branch bureaucracy. 2. Get together with members of your group to write, neatly, a clear, concise answer to your letter---bullets are encouraged instead of paragraphs.—15 MINUTES 3. Go around to ANY of the other posters and copy their answers to the problem. REST OF PERIOD

OBJECTIVES AND AGENDA 3/15 List how the US Bureaucracy is unique? Argue what the problems are and what are the solutions to US Bureaucracy. AGENDA Warm-up---Political Cartoon exercise What is a bureaucracy? Bureaucracy round robin. How did the bureaucracy grow? Define and explain US bureaucracy Regulation, accountability, Reform Pathology

Warm-up---1. Free write—What does the cartoon say about Bureaucracy. 2 Warm-up---1. Free write—What does the cartoon say about Bureaucracy? 2. Write a personal example of a time YOU dealt with a bureaucracy. (Any large corporation)

Definition of a Bureaucracy Max Weber--- “rational way to organize business” Hierarchical authority structure Task specialization Extensive rules Clear goals The merit principle Impersonality American System---Different than European Model 1. Separation of Powers---Federalism Congress—create, organize, disband, investigate President—under the Executive Branch—Control **Counterparts in the states!!!***--Proxy Government—Federal programs staffed and administered by State and Local Gov. 2. Close public scrutiny—individual rights, Court challenges 3. Regulation….not public ownership

Growth of the System 1. Patronage—Spoils system Pendleton Act---1881—Civil Service Commission—Tests, merit, not party loyalty 2. 1950’s—90% Under the merit system Office of Personnel Management—laws, rules and regulations of bureaucracy Merit systems Protection Board—integrity and rights of federal employees. 15 cabinet level departments—President nominates “Secretary” and approved by Senate 2000 bureaus, offices, services and other subdivisions--- 3.2 million civilians and 1.8 million military SEE NEXT SLIDE 4. Health and Human Services the largest---Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act

Continued…. Independent Regulatory Agencies Government Corporations Interstate Commerce Commission The Federal Trade Commission The National Labor Relations Board The Federal Reserve Board The securities and exchange Commission Government Corporations Corporation for Public Broadcasting The Tennessee Valley authority US Postal Service Amtrak Independent Executive agencies—direct control of Pres. General Services Administration—property, buildings, purchasing National Science Foundation National aeronautics and Space Adm.

Federal Civilian Employment, 1990–2012 Table 15.1 *Since its creation in 2003. Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States , 2009 and 2012 (top) Sources: Federal Bureau of Prisons Weekly Population Report and Quick Facts, available at http://www.bop.gov/locations/weekly_report.jsp; and http://www.bop.gov/news/quick.jsp#5. (bottom) Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Regulation and Accountability, Reform Regulation---Congress passes law—agency organized— rules created Government regulation of Private business Munn vs. Illinois(1877)—Confirmed rights of Illinois to regulate charges and services of a Chicago warehouse. New Deal added more regulation WWII---added even more Accountability Congress—check on activities Duplication, Authorization— appropriation, hearings, rewriting legislation President—Appointments, Executive Orders, economic powers--$, Reorganization Reform Iron Triangles—bureaucrats, interest groups, congressional subcommittee members (SEE CHART) Issue Networks—interest groups, congressional staffs, universities, mass media—discuss issue on broad basis

Reform Cont. Hatch Act (1939)—have little to do with politics cannot run for public office Raise funds for party or candidate No officers in political organization 1993---may now participate in politics---may NOT run as a candidate Pathologies of Bureaucracy Conclusion (example) “Red Tape” Conflict—cross purposes Duplication Unchecked growth Waste Lack of accountability