Day 2 Europe at War A. The 1939 invasion of Poland by Germany took just 4 weeks. The speed of the German army stunned the world, Called blitzkrieg “lightning war.”

Britain Prepared for War Israel and the Occupied Territories Britain Prepared for War Operation Pied Piper – relocated 3.5 million people Those relocated were children and pregnant women from towns to the countryside.

Great Britain Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister. Israel and the Occupied Territories Great Britain Chamberlain is replaced… Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister.

B. In the spring of 1940, Hitler invaded Denmark and Norway. In May, Germany attacked the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. The Germans trapped the British forces on the beaches of Dunkirk, France.

C. Operation Dynamo - British navy and private boats evacuated 338,000 (British & French) troops from Dunkirk, France

D. Germany now controlled western and. central Europe D. Germany now controlled western and central Europe. Only Britain remained undefeated. The British asked the U.S. for help. A series of Neutrality Acts passed during the 1930s prevented the United States from involvement in European conflicts. Cash and Carry (1939) – U.S. would sell weapons to European democracies on a cash-and-carry basis. America becomes the “Arsenal of Democracy.”

Aided by a good radar system, the British fought back. E. In August 1940 the Luftwaffe, the German air force, began bombing Britain. Aided by a good radar system, the British fought back. German Messerschmitt

British Radar System

Israel and the Occupied Territories These raids, along with the British efforts to counter them, became known as the Battle of Britain. Hitler believed that he could destroy the British people’s will to fight.

Britsh Spitfire Israel and the Occupied Territories The Royal Air Force (RAF) British pilots flew combat missions day after day – night after night. Britsh Spitfire

FDR insists that US should begin a program of Lend-Lease F. Many Americans don’t want to trade with warring nations (might draw US into war…) FDR insists that US should begin a program of Lend-Lease Lend-lease=we give supplies to Allied powers, they promise to return them after the war Remember the Lusitania

US is slowly creeping closer to war… Neutrality Act of 1935 and 1937-US doesn’t sell any weapons to Allies 1939 (cash-and-carry) US begins to sell weapons to the Allies Lend-Lease Act of 1941-US gives military aid to Allied nations…promise to return after the war.

By June 1941 – Germany controlled almost ALL of western Europe. Invasion for Soviet Union By June 1941 – Germany controlled almost ALL of western Europe. Blue – German Controlled

II. Germany’s Attack on the Soviet Union A. Operation Barbarossa – without declaring war, German armies invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941.

B. Soviets used the same scorched-. earth methods against Hitler that B. Soviets used the same scorched- earth methods against Hitler that their ancestors had used against Napoleon.

C. Germany made great progress in. taking over much of the Soviet C. Germany made great progress in taking over much of the Soviet Union. However, in Nov. 1941 winter began in the Soviet Union. The Germans were not equipped for the bitter Russian winter. This was the first time in the war that the Germans had been stopped.

III. Japanese Aggression in the Pacific A. To become an empire Japan needed natural resources. They looked to expand into Southeast Asia for these resources.

B. In 1940, the Japanese demanded the B. In 1940, the Japanese demanded the right to exploit economic resources in French Indochina. The U.S. responded by imposing economic sanctions unless Japan withdrew. Now called: Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia

C. “Economic sanctions” means. restrictions on trade that are C. “Economic sanctions” means restrictions on trade that are intended to enforce international law. U.S. placed an embargo on the sale of oil and scrap iron to Japan.

Relations between US and Japan worsened under Japan’s new leader Premier Hideki Tōjō

IV. America’s Entry into the War A. On Dec. 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. They also attacked the Philippines and captured the American island of Guam.

USS Arizona burning

USS Shaw explodes

B-17C at Hickam Field

USS Arizona burning

Pulling bodies out of the water USS Arizona turret Pulling bodies out of the water

U.S.S. Arizona

B. The Japanese thought that their. attacks on the U. S. fleet would B. The Japanese thought that their attacks on the U.S. fleet would destroy the U.S. Navy and lead the Americans to accept Japanese domination in the Pacific. However, the attack on Pearl Harbor had the opposite effect. It united the American people and convinced the nation that it should enter the war.