Life Substances.

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Presentation transcript:

Life Substances

Carbohydrate Structure Carbs are a main source of energy, excess sugar is stored as starch Monosaccharide - single 6 C sugar Ex: glucose, galactose, fructose (C6 H12O6) Isomers- compounds that differ in structure but not in molecular composition Disaccharides: 2 monosaccharides combined Example: lactose = glucose + galactose Polysaccharides – 3 or more monosaccharides Example: glycogen, starch, cellulose

Cellulose- celery (cell walls) Starch-noodles, potatoes Glycogen- energy stored in liver

Lipids Ex: fats, oils, waxes, and steroids Insoluble in water b/c nonpolar molecules Fatty acid- long chain of C and H If there is a double bond in it = unsaturated (oils) If there is NO double bond = saturated (butter, lard)

Proteins Made up of amino acids A.A. joined together by peptides bonds Over 20 amino acids are found in nature Contracting muscles, transport O2, provide immunity, regulate proteins, carry out chemical rxns

ENZYME- protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction Involved in almost ALL metabolic processes Ex: digest food

Nucleic Acid Made up of nucleotides (5- C sugar, phosphate grp, nitrogen base) Store and transmit hereditary info (DNA and RNA)