HW #3, Due Sep. 14 Chapter 2 P23, P24, PH13, PH15, PM2

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Lecture 6 (chapter 2 continued) Quick Review: Reflection and mirrors Sub Sun and Sun Pillars Multiple Reflection This Lecture: Refraction Total Internal Reflection Refraction in Nature (Mirages, Halos, Rainbows,..)

Reflectivity (how much is reflected?) Grazing Incidence Reflection (glass windows, water surfaces, waxed floors, etc.)

Who sees me in the mirror?! image (field of view) Simply apply law of reflection and trace the rays…

Sun Pillars and Sub Suns

Ice Crystals

Sub Sun

http://www.members.tripod.com/~regenbogen/englisch/atlas.htm

Sun Pillar

Multiple Reflections Example: Second Surface Mirrors

Corner Reflectors Retroreflectors

Refraction Recall: velocity of light v= c/n

*Refraction 1 http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/refraction/index.html http://wigner.byu.edu/LightRefract/LightRefract.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/refraction/boyFish.html Fish Tank

Material Refractive Index (n) Air 1.0003 Examples Material Refractive Index (n) Air 1.0003 Water 1.33 Glycerin 1.47 Immersion Oil 1.515 Glass 1.52 Flint 1.66 Zircon 1.92 Diamond 2.42 Silicon 4

Law of Refraction N i I Air (for example) n1 glass or water or … n2 R The Refracted ray (R ) lies in the plane defined by Incidence ray (I) and surface Normal (N) The Refracted ray (R ) lies on the opposite side of N as the incident ray I, and The Refracted ray (R ) makes an angle r that satisfies the Snell’s law: Angle of Incidence  Index of refraction in medium 1 almost equals to Angle of Refraction  Index of refraction in medium 2 (for small angles)

Snell’s Law (exact) c a  Sine of an angle

Now, consider this ….

Total Internal Reflection *Total Internal Reflection (Optical Fiber) http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/refraction/fiberOptic.html

Total Internal Reflection

Prisms as perfect reflectors: See Fig. 2.56 in the Text

Brilliance (TIR), Fire (dispersion) and Flash Diamond Brilliance (TIR), Fire (dispersion) and Flash

Mirages, Rainbows, Halos, Sun Dogs…. Next Refraction in Nature Mirages, Rainbows, Halos, Sun Dogs….

Mirages and Atmospheric Distortions sunset mirage

Mirage

Dispersion Refractive Index varies with Wavelength : n() Dispersion in a prism * Prism Refraction http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/prism/index.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/refraction/monoPrism.html refraction & refl. http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/dispersion/whitePrism.html dispersion

Rainbow

Rainbow *Rainbow http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/Rainbow/rainbow.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/dispersion/raindrop.html rain drop

Ice Crystals

Sun Dogs

Halos

22 degree halo

22 degree halo

46 degree halos

Reflection in Curved Mirrors Chapter 3 Reflection in Curved Mirrors

Mirrors *Concave Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/sphereMirror.html *Concave Lens: virtual image *Convex Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/mirrorAberr.html spherical aberration