Unit 8: The New South SS8H87: The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918.

Work on your frayer model You have 20 minutes to http://www.online- stopwatch.com/countdown- timer/ Work on your frayer model

Warm-up:G-MASS Review According to the Charter of 1732, Georgia’s was created for which 3 purposes? Charity, Economics, and Defense 2. Who owed a trading post store and served as the translator for Oglethorpe in his discussions with Chief Tomochichi? Mary Musgrove 3. Which crop were the colonists of Georgia expected to grow in order to feed silkworms? Mulberry trees 4. Who controlled Georgia after it became a royal colony? The Royal Governors 5. Who was the first royal governor of Georgia? John Reynolds

The New South Movement Time period from 1877-1919 The New South Movement required 3 changes: Expand industries (factories/businesses) Rely less on cash crops (cotton) Grow more food crops Diversification = adding more industry + more crops. Making money on more than just cotton.

The New South Movement Few Southerners had enough money to start new industries. However, Northern banks and businessmen did have money to invest in the South. The South had great potential = Abundant natural resources and raw materials (timber, coal, iron ore, & cotton) + Cheap labor + a good year-round climate.

The New South Movement Georgians who opposed the New South movement did not want: Larger cities Capitalism Mass production Anything to do with modernizing the South They wanted to keep Georgia rural and agricultural. STOP

The First Five February 27, 2017 Agenda Message: Use your class notes to answer the following homework questions… Due 03/03 ……..the Frayer Model 03/02 What was so new about the New South? What attracted Northern investors and businessmen to the South? Why did some people not accept the idea of a New South? Why did some Georgians want to keep Georgia rural and keep its economy agricultural?

Warm-up: CRCT Review Next slide 6. Explain the meaning of God, Gold, & Glory. 7. Who is known as the “Founding Father” of Georgia? James Oglethorpe 8. What is the highest mountain peak in Georgia? Brass town Bald 9 List and explain the 4 Prehistoric Indian Periods in chronological order. Next slide

Paleo Archaic Woodland Mississippian 8000 BC to 1000 BC Permanent homes Crops Woodland 1000 BC to 1000 AD Huts Grass roofs Mounds Mississippian 700 AD to 1600 AD Large villages Ceremonial Buildings Before 10,000 BC Nomads (no home) Groups 25-50 people

The First Five February 27, 2017 Agenda Message: What are three present day businesses that were established in the 1800s? Think about businesses that you see in your community or businesses that advertise on television, in magazines or newspapers, and or on the Internet. Western Union Wells Fargo Bank Kellogg Company Tiffany & Company Levi Strauss & Company R.H. Macy’s Department Stores Hershey Company Kroger Grocer Coca-Cola Sears, Roebuck, & Company Kodak Barnes & Noble Bookstore

Henry Grady http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/henry_grady Known as the “Voice of the New South” Editor of the Atlanta Constitution newspaper Grady traveled the USA informing people of the New South: Industry, diversified farming, and better treatment of African Americans. He was able to attract new businesses, jobs, and investments to the state of Georgia from 1880-1889.

Henry Grady Did you know the following places were named in honor of Henry Grady? Grady county was created in 1905. Grady Hospital was opened on June 1, 1892

Alonzo Herndon http://www. gpb From 1883 to 1927, he was the wealthiest African American in the USA Owned the Crystal Palace Barbershop on Peachtree Street in Atlanta Created & owned the Atlanta Mutual Life Insurance Company-still opened today in 17 states

Cotton States Exposition The 1895 Cotton States and International Exposition was held at the current Piedmont Park in Atlanta, Georgia. Nearly 800,000 visitors attended the event. The exposition was designed to promote the region to the world and showcase products and new technologies as well as to encourage trade with Latin America. At the 6,000 exhibits of the exposition, visitors saw new machinery and learned how cotton was made into marketable products.

Bourbon Triumvirate (3) Joseph E. Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John B. Gordon were all past governors of Georgia. They were called the Bourbon Triumvirate. These 3 leaders wanted: Stronger relationships with industries in the North to expand Georgia’s economy White supremacy (the belief that the white is superior to other racial groups) Believed in lower taxes

Bourbon Triumvirate Joseph E. Brown 1857-1865 Alfred Colquitt 1876-1882 John B. Gordon 1886-1890 Terms as state governor

3-2-1 Response Have ready What were 3 changes that were necessary for the New South Movement to take place? What were the 2 changes that Henry Grady traveled the USA encouraging southerners to do in the 1880s? What is 1 thing that was named in honor of Henry Grady in Georgia?

The First Five February 28 th Agenda Message: Study for Unit 8 CDA on 3/07/17, Frayer due 03/02 and 4 questions 03/03/2017. Warm-up: CRCT Review List and explain each of the five geographic regions of Georgia. ( Coastal Plain, Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley, Piedmont, and Appalachian Mountain) A B C D E

County Unit System The Democratic Party dominated the state of Georgia. The Georgia Constitution of 1877 created the county unit system. Rural counties with small populations controlled the outcomes of Georgia elections; thus people were elected to office without the majority of the state’s vote. This system ended in 1963, because it was unconstitutional.

Georgia’s County Unit System How might a state-wide election today have different results under this system? How might a state-wide election today have different results under this system?

G-Mass Review 11. The International Cotton Exposition was held in? Athens Atlanta Augusta Savannah 12. The main purpose of the International Cotton Exposition that was held in Atlanta was to…? Showcase the industries of the New South. B. Get ideas from foreign countries. Showcase the cotton gin. D. Bring visitors to Atlanta

G-Mass Review 13. Which piece of legislation allowed less populated counties in Georgia to have greater power in the General Assembly as the more populated counties?. County Unit System- It ended in 1963 because it was unconstitutional 14. Political leaders who dominated Georgia after Reconstruction, supported new industry and white supremacy were called what? Radical Republicans Populists C. Bourbon Triumvirate D. Alliance Democrats

Tom Watson & the Populists Small farmers, sharecroppers, blacks, and poor whites wanted a political party that would fight for their rights. The Populist Party was created to cater to their needs. This political party was known as “the people’s party.” It worked to improve conditions for farmers, laborers, and African Americans Tom Watson was the leader of the Populist Party. While serving in the U.S. House of Representatives, he was able to get the Rural Free Delivery (RFD) bill passed into law. The RFD law requires the post office to deliver mail to rural homes free of charge.

Tom Watson & the Populists Tom Watson & the Populist Party threaten the Democratic Party’s control in Georgia. Therefore, the Democrats were pleased when he lost several elections from 1892-1919. In 1920, Tom Watson was elected to the U.S. Senate, because he had changed his views and no longer supported the rights of blacks, Catholics, and Jews. http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/thomas_watson

Disenfranchisement By 1908, Georgia used ways to prevent African American men from voting: Poll Tax = fee paid before a person could vote. Literacy Test = test to see if people could read and understand the Constitution. Grandfather Clause = a new law that said a man could vote if a man’s father or grandfather could have voted in a Georgia election before 1867. White Primary = elections only white men could vote in.

Segregation & Discrimination Southern whites (Democratic Party from 1880s-1910s) wanted to keep African Americans from having political rights. People feared African Americans would rule Georgia politics and gain social equality. Different strategies were used to disenfranchise or deprive black men of their right to vote.

Jim Crow Laws Southern states passed Jim Crow Laws to separate the races. It segregated public places (restaurants, trains, water fountains, schools, hospitals, theaters, pools, etc.). In 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Plessy vs. Ferguson that separate but equal facilities were not unconstitutional. https://video.search.yahoo.com/search/video?fr=yfp-t- s&p=jim+crow+laws+video#action=view&id=4&vid=e9eb500d5 0bea0537c98ae6a35d7a9fe http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-jim-crow-laws- definition-examples-history.html

Ticket out the Door Discussion How does discrimination and segregation differ from each other?

The First Five March 1st , 2017 Homework: Study for the Unit 8 CDA on 3/07/17 Warm-up: CRCT Review 15. Joseph Brown , a member of the Bourbon Triumvirate did not believe in……? White supremacy Increased agricultural development. Creating stronger economic ties to the north D. Increasing the number of industries in the south

Plessy vs. Ferguson http://www.schooltube.com/video/faa73c1ffca045e19ac9/P lessy%20vs.%20Ferguson%20and%20Jim%20Crow%20Laws

GUILTY Plessy vs. Ferguson In 1892, Homer Plessy (who was only partially African-American) was arrested for riding in the “whites only” section of a Louisiana railroad car. • Plessy sued in court, arguing that his 14th Amendment rights to “equal protection” were violated. • The U.S. Supreme Court, in Plessy vs. Ferguson, said that segregation was legal, as long as facilities were “separate but equal” GUILTY

Black Leadership in the New South Booker T. Washington Encouraged African Americans to learn trade skills. Skills = job = Economic Strength (Vocational Education) Created Tuskegee Institute in Alabama Economic equality was more important than social equality Political + social equality = economic independence W.E.B DuBois Disagreed with Booker T. Washington Believed African Americans deserved equal access to political, social, & economic worlds of the South. Education = Success; Talented Tenth While an Atlanta University Professor he founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to promote legal challenges to Jim Crow and disenfranchisement.

John and Lugenia Burns Hope Married John Hope, who was the President of Morehouse College in 1906. Founded Neighborhood Union, an organization to provide poor blacks in Atlanta with a health clinic, boys and girls clubs, job training classes, and resources to improve basic living conditions. Made multiple achievements in the field of education • Served as the first black president of Morehouse College in Atlanta • Served as the founding president of Atlanta University (later Clark Atlanta University) • While President of AU, he established the first graduate studies program specifically for African-Americans

Rebecca Latimer Felton She was the 1st woman to serve in the U.S. Senate. She campaigned for the following causes: Anti-lynching Prohibition (banning of alcohol- Temperance Movement) Suffrage (women’s right to vote) Anti-smoking Anti-drinking of Coca-Cola Child care Compulsory school attendance Admission of women to UGA Convict release program http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/rebecca_latimer_felton

Warm-up: G-Mass Review The First Five March 2nd , 2017 Homework: Study for the Unit 8 CDA on 3/07/17, Frayer Model Due Tomorrow Warm-up: G-Mass Review What business ,made Alonzo Herndon a successful businessman? Atlanta mutual Insurance company Coca-Cola Georgia Pacific Western Atlantic Railroad

G-MASS Practice 17. Political leaders who dominated Georgia after Reconstruction, supported new industry and white supremacy were called what? Radical Republicans Populists C. Bourbon Triumvirate D. Alliance Democrats

Atlanta Race Riot of 1906 In 1906, Hoke Smith was elected Governor after promising to pass a law taking the right to vote away from blacks… • The election of 1906 caused racial tensions to run extremely high… In September 1906, both The Atlanta Journal & The Atlanta Constitution newspapers reported several attacks on white women by African American men. These reports set off a race riot. Angry white mobs of men went to African American neighborhoods in Atlanta, attacking people, destroying homes, and burning down black owned businesses. There were reports that 15-30 African Americans were killed. http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/race_riot_of_1906

Leo Frank Case https://video.search.yahoo.com/search/video;_ylt=A2KLqIKgNrRYpgkActj7w8QF;_ylu= X3oDMTBncGdyMzQ0BHNlYwNzZWFyY2gEdnRpZAM- ;_ylc=X1MDOTY3ODEzMDcEX3IDMgRhY3RuA2NsawRiY2sDNmlybWZrcGJwdjNtZCUyNmIlM0 Q0JTI2ZCUzRFRqTGI1YmhwWUVMbnI5MENOTk9YRk5SOElxNzFybFJRY0tMcFVBLS0lMjZzJTNEb 2wlMjZpJTNEd0dPZkY2MExBRXQybnRZbGRlNlYEY3NyY3B2aWQDcUdjaUlUazRMakZwYnMu bVY1Lk96UTEyTVRZNExnQUFBQURXaUJvUQRmcgN5ZnAtdC1zBGZyMgNzYS1ncARncHJpZAN udzU1VzczZVE0MmRZUHVic3U3TmxBBG10ZXN0aWQDbnVsbARuX3JzbHQDNjAEbl9zdWdnAz EwBG9yaWdpbgN2aWRlby5zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tBHBvcwMxBHBxc3RyA2xlbyBmcmFuB HBxc3RybAM4BHFzdHJsAzkEcXVlcnkDbGVvIGZyYW5rBHRfc3RtcAMxNDg4MjA2Mjc5BHZ0Z XN0aWQDbnVsbA-- ?gprid=nw55W73eQ42dYPubsu7NlA&pvid=qGciITk4LjFpbs.mV5.OzQ12MTY4LgAAAADWiBo Q&p=leo+frank&ei=UTF-8&fr2=p%3As%2Cv%3Av%2Cm%3Asa&fr=yfp-t- s#action=view&id=3&vid=611a3bb54da40dd6eeb2dc3712e4bd2b

Leo Frank Case Antisemitism (hatred toward Jews) had also become a cause of conflict in the early 1900s. In 1913, a 13-year-old factory worker, Mary Phagan, was murdered while at work in Atlanta. The factory superintendent, a Jewish man named Leo Frank, was accused of the murder Despite conflicting testimony and clear, falsified evidence, Frank was convicted and sentenced to death Two years later, Frank was kidnapped from his jail cell and hanged by a mob

White Primaries In the 1920s Southern states began using the white primary as a way of limiting the ability of African Americans to play a part in the political process. The white primary was an effective device because of the virtual one-party political system in the South that existed until the late 1960s. In order to keep African Americans out of the political process, the Democratic party in many states adopted a rule excluding them from party membership. White primaries allowed parties to nominate candidates Only males could vote It was in the initial election before the general election

Ticket out the Door: 5Ws Who was Tom Watson? Where was he from? What did he do during the Populist Movement? When did he become a U.S. Senator? Why did he no longer want blacks to vote for him?

Agenda Message: Study for Unit 8 CDA on Monday, 3/07/17 Today’s Warm-up: Read pp. 106-109 and answer #1-4 on p. 109, in the Georgia CRCT Coach workbook.

Agenda Message: Study for Unit 8 CDA on Monday, 3/17/14 Today’s Warm-up: Read pp. 110-111 and answer #1-4 on p. 113, in the Georgia CRCT Coach workbook.