NAFA Technical Seminar ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 NAFA Technical Seminar Memphis, TN April 16, 2008 Charlie Kern Senior Research Engineer Johns Manville

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 I am currently a voting member of 52.2 and incoming chair of the US TAG to ISO TC 142. The discussion of what has happened and the current status of both the optional KCl conditional procedure in 52.2 and the FDIS 21220 is factual information that can be found in committee minutes. Any discussion of future events and opinions however are personal comments in this presentation and as such I am not speaking for the committee and my comments may not represent the feelings of either the 52.2 committee or the US TAG.

Discussion Points ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Review of 52.2 optional KCl conditioning step Introduction of MERV-A What next? Coming attractions —ISO FDIS 21220 Potential impact of these standards in US Challenges for next Generation Standards

Acknowledgements ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Phil Winters — Current chair of US TAG to ISO TC 142 Don Thornburg — Current chair of SSPC 52.2

KCl Conditioning Step ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Optional test Will be published as Appendix J of ASHRAE Standard 52.2 -2007

Two Conditioning Procedures ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Two Conditioning Procedures ASHRAE Standard 52.2 as written has a conditioning step 30 grams of ASHRAE dust are loaded onto a filter to “Condition” the filter Optional KCl conditioning method replaces the 30 gram dust load step if the optional procedure is requested by the person requesting the filter test

Where is the KCl conditioning step? ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Where is the KCl conditioning step? 52.2 committee met at ASHRAE winter meeting in New York Draft was written and approved to include KCl conditioning as an optional procedure Procedure will be in the informative appendix of the standard, Appendix J Optional KCl conditioning step is expected to be published approximately summer 2008

Why optional ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Compromise-Balance Inclusion into the standard would have required resolving approximately 85 public comments Resolving the comments would have required another public review after which similar comments might have resurfaced 52.2 committee felt there was a need to resolve the issue and in some way keep MERV from becoming irrelevant to the industry

Optional Conditioning Step ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Optional Conditioning Step The KCl conditioning step is written as an optional procedure but will provide a recognized method for evaluation of the performance end users may see from filters in the field Unless the optional KCl conditioning is requested, there is no change to the 52.2 conditioning procedure and the report from the test will contain the same test data as before The data report when the KCl conditioning step is used will show the conditioning step data with other changes in data output

Is Optional a Bad Thing? ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Even though the KCl conditioning is optional, it provides a documented US method of evaluating potential field performance of a filter End users that require consistent efficiency have this optional KCl conditioning method available to them for evaluating filters End users that are satisfied with the status quo have the option of not using the procedure

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Who is MERV-A OR

Why Different Nomenclature? ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Why Different Nomenclature? ASHRAE Standard 52.2 with MERV has evolved to the point where it is written into codes, other standards and customer specifications. To simply change the method of test and still call the result MERV knowing it is a different value would have created untold confusion in the industry. Lab tested filter performance with the two conditioning steps will in many cases be different.

Meet MERV-A ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 In order to distinguish the data when using the KCl conditioning step, MERV-A was adapted by the committee. Why MERV-A? — It is logical in any specification evolution to have the first change letter “A” followed by “B”, etc.

Text Used in the KCl Conditioning Step Appendix ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Text Used in the KCl Conditioning Step Appendix All text used to discuss MERV-A will reference “A” MERV is determined by efficiency in E1 ,E2 and E3 MERV-A is determined by efficiency in E1-A, E2-A, and E3-A Results of a filter will be written as MERV-A XX-A Example: A filter with a value of 12 using the KCl conditioning step would be reported as MERV-A 12-A.

Some ground rules ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 The same filter CANNOT be conditioned per the standard and also conditioned using the KCl method The same filter CANNOT have a MERV and a MERV-A A single test report CANNOT have a MERV and a MERV-A value In order to get a MERV and a MERV-A, two filters must be tested

The KCl difference ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Efficiency measurements taken after: Standard conditioning KCl Conditioning Before any dust is fed Before any dust is fed or cond. After 30 g Dust After KCl conditioning At ¼ air flow res inc. At ¼ air flow res inc. At ½ air flow res inc. At ½ air flow res inc. At ¾ air flow res inc. At ¾ air flow res inc. Final end point Final end point

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220

Why KCl conditioning ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 EN779 uses IPA – why not go with a proven discharge method? Diesel soot has been proposed as a conditioning method Something else?

Why KCl conditioning ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 IPA is a recognized discharge method not a conditioning method and is the method of choice for EN779 and FDIS 21220 Can alter the fiber structure Will result in the absolute minimum efficiency data indicates that efficiency in the field may not drop this low A full size filter can require a large amount of exposed IPA in the lab

Why KCl conditioning ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 In ASHRAE research, diesel was shown to be the closest to field performance in the limited cases studied. Diesel can be variable and much harder to control Much more difficult to write a procedure into a specification

Why KCl conditioning ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 ASHRAE Standard 52.2 is under continuous maintenance and if another conditioning procedure is presented to the committee, it could be: Rejected Adopted as another optional method Replace the KCl conditioning method Replace the 30 g dust load conditioning in the standard

What Next? ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Users will determine the need and value of having a KCl conditioned result Since KCl conditioning is an optional procedure in the 52.2 Standard Appendix, generally it will not be written into code or standards People wanting the KCl conditioned results for deciding on filter applications can write the optional conditioning step into their specifications

What Next? ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Major concerns to be addressed by the 52.2 committee Will the KCl conditioning step be used? Data collection to demonstrate repeatability or lack thereof for the KCl conditioning procedure Could be consideration for inclusion as a required part of the standard after sufficient data and demonstration of use

Coming Attractions ISO FDIS 21220 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Coming Attractions ISO FDIS 21220

ISO Organization ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Each member country is represented on the ISO TC and has one vote ANSI is the US representative to ISO and has the US vote There is a US Technical Advisory Group (TAG) set up by ANSI to advise and vote at the ISO proceedings Each US TAG is specific to an ISO TC

ISO Organization ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 There is an administrator set up by ANSI to work with the TAG and maintain the organization of the TAG The ISO TC is made up of working groups Each working group has a specific assignment and is made up of a convener (chair) and experts from around the world The working group has the assignment to prepare a document for their specific task and there is a time line

ISO Organization ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 ISO TC 142 “Cleaning Equipment for Air and Other Gasses” Initially the administrator for the US TAG to ISO TC 142 was IEST and is now being switched to ASHRAE

ISO TC 142 “Cleaning Equipment for Air and Other Gasses” ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 ISO TC 142 “Cleaning Equipment for Air and Other Gasses” WG 1 – Terminology WG 2 - Air filters for residential applications WG 3 – General ventilation filters WG 4 – HEPA and ULPA filters WG 5 – Cartridge filters WG 6 – Standardized face dimensions of general ventilation filters WG 7 – In-service behavior of air cleaning devices WG 8 – Gas-phase contamination removal devices WG 9 – Air intake filters for gas turbines WG 10 – Exhaust fumes treatment WG 11 – Electrostatic precipitators for HVAC applications WG 12 – UV-C devices

ISO TC 142 “Cleaning Equipment for Air and Other Gasses” ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 ISO TC 142 “Cleaning Equipment for Air and Other Gasses” WG 1 – Terminology WG 2 - Air filters for residential applications WG 3 – General ventilation filters WG 4 – HEPA and ULPA filters WG 8 – Gas-phase contamination removal devices WG 9 – Air intake filters for gas turbines WG 12 – UV-C devices

ISO FDIS 21220-General Ventilation Filter Standard-WG 03 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 ISO FDIS 21220-General Ventilation Filter Standard-WG 03 FDIS— Final Draft International Standard 21220 is the ISO standard that will be an international standard for air filter testing once approved by voting members Truly is a compromise between EN 779 and ASHRAE Standard 52.2

ISO FDIS 21220 - Highlights ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Separates filters into high and low efficiency Requires IPA dip on small media sample A full filter is tested at 0.4 µm using DEHS as a challenge Efficiency of <20% — filter will be tested according to Coarse method Efficiency of 20% or greater— filter will be tested according to fine method.

ISO FDIS 21220 - Highlights ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Coarse Method Filter is tested using 1µm – 5µm KCl as challenge to 250 Pa Filter is loaded using ASHRAE dust Fine Method Filter is tested using 0.3µm - 1µm DEHS as challenge to 375 Pa Filter is loaded using ISO Fine dust

ISO FDIS 21220 - Highlights ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 IPA dip testing Efficiency testing of media sample from IPA dip will use the same Coarse/Fine criteria for determining testing of dip sample Data from the efficiency testing of the sample must be reported — not optional

ISO FDIS 21220 - Highlights ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 21220 is ONLY A TEST STANDARD. It will not provide a performance criteria for the tested filter It will provide only a data set Each participating country will be required to develop a criteria for determining filter performance from the data set before they can use the standard

What Will Happen to EN779? ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 Status will have to be decided by CEN EN 779 could become the interpretive standard for FDIS 21220 EN 779 could stay an active standard and Europe could have two standards like the US CEN will vote on whether to adopt 21220 as an EN or keep 779 — Vote probably between July and September

How Will the US Handle the Interpretation of the data from FDIS 21220? ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 How Will the US Handle the Interpretation of the data from FDIS 21220? Yet to be determined Handled by ASHRAE? Handled by another organization? NAFA ARI

How Will the US Handle the Interpretation of the data from FDIS 21220? ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 How Will the US Handle the Interpretation of the data from FDIS 21220? If handled by ASHRAE We have been able to get the data set needed to develop a “MERV like” output Will it be MERV-X? Will it be part of 52.2? Will there be a 52.3?

What will be the impact in the US? ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 What will be the impact in the US? US is not required to use an ISO standard over a US standard Two standards will probably exist Business alone will drive the one that gets used International companies may migrate to the 21220 to avoid using two standards Both standards will certainly exist together for many years to come After all there are specifications still calling for 52-68!

The Challenges for Next Generation Test Standards ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 The Challenges for Next Generation Test Standards My “for sure” list As filter users become better educated in filter performance and cost, more accurate performance data will be required Better IAQ will be required, possibly mandated Health issues will be critical in determining IAQ

The Challenges for Next Generation Test Standards ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 The Challenges for Next Generation Test Standards My “for sure” list continued Filtration for finer and finer particles will be required Life Cycle Cost will become a major component of the equation as energy costs continue to escalate

The Challenges for Next Generation Test Standards ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 The Challenges for Next Generation Test Standards My “probably will happen” list New generation filtration will meet needed IAQ criteria New or revised test standards will be required to keep the filter industry honest with the new filtration methods In-situ testing will become predominate verification mechanism so that systems can be tested and not just filters

The Challenges for Next Generation Test Standards ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 The Challenges for Next Generation Test Standards My “probably will happen” list As test standards are developed to better define filter performance, liability issues associated with poor or misstated filter performance will become more prevalent This could be enhanced as the health community continues research and identifies health areas associated with poor IAQ

The Challenges for Next Generation Test Standards ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 The Challenges for Next Generation Test Standards My list of concerns Inaction or misguided action on the part of standards organizations may result in governmental intervention NIOSH, EPA and FTC for example

The Challenges for Next Generation Test Standards ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 The Challenges for Next Generation Test Standards My list of “concerns” The filtration industry in general is not prepared to deal with the complexity in writing standards and application specific uses for filters Special interests may result in segmented test standards that allow misapplication into markets and may result in poor performing filters due to those misapplications

NAFA Technical Seminar ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 ISO FDIS 21220 NAFA Technical Seminar Memphis, TN April 16, 2008