Howard H. Garrison FASEB Office of Public Affairs Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists 2017 Data from National Surveys Howard H. Garrison FASEB Office of Public Affairs Updated August 3, 2017

Contents (1 of 7) Graduate School Applications Graduate School Applications in Biological and Health Sciences [Slide 10] Graduate Records Examination (GRE) Scores Mean Quantitative Scores of US Citizens and Permanent Residents Intending to Enroll in Biological and Health Sciences [Slide 12] Graduate School Enrollment First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status [Slide 14] First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Grad Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) [Slide 15]

Contents (2 of 7) Graduate School Enrollment (continued) Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status [Slide 16] US Citizens & Permanent Residents Only [Slide 17] Temporary Residents Only [Slide 18] Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) [Slide 19] Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Sex [Slide 20] Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Mechanism of Support [Slide 21]

Contents (3 of 7) NIH Trainees and Fellows Doctorate Awards Pre-Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Positions on NIH Training Grants and Fellowships [Slide 23] Fellowship (F32) Applications and Awards [Slide 24] NIH Spending on Training Grants and Fellowships [Slide 25] Doctorate Awards Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Citizenship/Visa Status [Slide 27] Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) [Slide 28] Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Sex [Slide 29]

Contents (4 of 7) Academic Postdoctoral Appointments Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Citizenship/ Visa Status [Slide 31] Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree and Citizenship/ Visa Status [Slide 32] US Postdocs with MD or PhD [Slide 33] Temporary Resident Postdocs with MD or PhD [Slide 34] Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Sex and Citizenship/ Visa Status [Slide 35] Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Source of Support Slide 36]

Contents (5 of 7) Postdoctoral Appointments for Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 1-2 Years Post-PhD [Slide 38] Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 3-4 Years Post-PhD [Slide 39] Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Academic Postdoc 1-2 Years Post-PhD [Slide 40] Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Academic Postdoc 3-4 Years Post-PhD [Slide 41] Stay Rates of Foreign Doctorate Recipients from US Universities Stay Rates for Temporary Residents with Life Science Doctorates [Slide 43]

Contents (6 of 7) Employment Status of Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions Employment of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment [Slide 45] Distribution of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment [Slide 46] Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status [Slide 47] Distribution of Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status [Slide 48] Percentage of U.S. Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions, Total [Slide 49] Percentage of U.S. Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions 5-6 Years Post-PhD [Slide 50]

Contents (7 of 7) Medical School Faculty Appointments Medical School Faculty Members by Degree and Department Type [Slide 52] Total and New Faculty 1970-2007 in U.S. Medical Schools [Slide 53] NIH Grant Applications and Awards Age of First Time R01 Equivalent Investigators [Slide 55] Number of Competing Awards (Including First R01) [Slide 56] Employment in Industry Employment in U.S. Biotechnology Firms, 1992-2012 [Slide 58] Employment in U.S. Pharmaceutical Companies, 1999-2010 [Slide 59]

Graduate School Applications

Graduate School Applications in Health and Biological Sciences Graduate School Applications in Biological and Health Sciences Source: Council of Graduate Schools CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment http://www.cgsnet.org/ Survey Characteristics: The survey collects data from the members of the Council of Graduate Schools or one of the four regional associations of graduate schools. Participating institutions enroll 73% of U.S. graduate students and grant more than 90% of the doctorate degrees awarded by U.S. institutions Survey Dates: 1995-2016 Field Specifications: Biological sciences include agriculture Health sciences include health and medical sciences Survey Notes: CGS also collects data on enrollments and degrees awarded Contact Information: Jeff Allum Director, Research and Policy Analysis One Dupont Circle NW, Suite 230 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 223-3791 Source: http://www.cgsnet.org/

Graduate Records Examination (GRE) Scores

Mean Quantitative Scores of US Citizens and Permanent Residents Intending to Enroll in Biological and Health Sciences Graduate Records Examination (GRE) Scores Source: Higher Education Division Educational Testing Service http://www.ets.org Study Characteristics: The study examines GRE scores for U.S. test takers by field of intended study. Data for 1989-1998 are from articles written by William Zumeta: http://www.cpst.org/web/site/bbcharts/bbcharts/zumetarevised.htm and http://www.cpst.org/BBIssues.pdf. Data from 1997-2008 are from ETS, Guide to Use of Scores (various years). Study Dates: 1989-2009, 2012-2015 Field Specifications for 1987-1998 Series Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry, Botany, Cell and Molecular Biology, Ecology, Developmental Biology, Genetics, Marine Biology, Microbiology, Zoology, Bacteriology, Biophysics, Biological Sciences--Other Health Sciences: Anatomy, Neurosciences, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Radiobiology, Toxicology, Allied Health, Audiology, Chiropractic, Dental Sciences, Environmental Health, Epidemiology, Health Sciences Administration, Immunology, Medical Sciences, Nursing, Optometry, Osteopathic Medicine, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Podiatry, Pre-Medicine, Public Health, Veterinary Medicine, Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, Speech/Language Pathology, Medicinal Chemistry, Veterinary Science, Health and Medical Sciences—Other Field Specifications for 1997-2008 Series: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry, Botany, Cell and Molecular Biology, Ecology, Developmental Biology, Entomology and Parasitology, Genetics, Marine Biology, Microbiology, Neurosciences, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Radiobiology, Toxicology, Zoology, Bacteriology, Biophysics, Biological Sciences—Other. Health sciences include health and medical sciences: Allied Health, Audiology, Chiropractic, Dental Sciences, Environmental Health, Epidemiology, Health Sciences Administration, Immunology, Medical Sciences, Nursing, Optometry, Osteopathic Medicine, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Podiatry, Pre-Medicine, Public Health, Veterinary Medicine, Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, Speech/Language Pathology, Medicinal Chemistry, Veterinary Science, Health and Medical Sciences—Other. Survey Notes: The early study (1989-1998) used a different taxonomy of fields than the more recent study (1997-2008) Data for the 1997-2008 series are four year averages where the reference year is the fourth year. New scale introduced in 2012. Data are for 4 years ending in reference date Source: http://www.cgsnet.org/

Graduate School Enrollment

First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status Graduate School Enrollment Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics: This survey produces national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2014 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec. Beginning in 2007, Neurosciences was treated as a separate field Health sciences: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Information is provided by school coordinator or departmental respondent. Includes counts of students and data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. In 2014, the GSS survey frame was updated adding newly eligible institutions and excluding private for-profit institutions that had practitioner oriented graduate programs. The effect of the frame adjustments on the number of biological and health sciences graduate students reported in 2014, however, was minor (-0.3 percent). Contact Information: Kelly Kang National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-7796 E-mail: kkang@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) Graduate School Enrollment Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics: This survey produces national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2014 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec. Beginning in 2007, Neurosciences was treated as a separate field Health sciences: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Information is provided by school coordinator or departmental respondent. Includes counts of students and data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. In 2014, the GSS survey frame was updated adding newly eligible institutions and excluding private for-profit institutions that had practitioner oriented graduate programs. The effect of the frame adjustments on the number of biological and health sciences graduate students reported in 2014, however, was minor (-0.3 percent). Contact Information: Kelly Kang National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) National Science Foundation Phone: (703) 292-7796 E-mail: kkang@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status Graduate School Enrollment Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics: This survey produces national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2014 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec. Beginning in 2007, Neurosciences was treated as a separate field Health sciences: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Information is provided by school coordinator or departmental respondent. Includes counts of students and data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. In 2014, the GSS survey frame was updated adding newly eligible institutions and excluding private for-profit institutions that had practitioner oriented graduate programs. The effect of the frame adjustments on the number of biological and health sciences graduate students reported in 2014, however, was minor (-0.3 percent). Contact Information: Kelly Kang National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-7796 E-mail: kkang@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments: U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents Graduate School Enrollment Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics: This survey produces national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2014 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec. Beginning in 2007, Neurosciences was treated as a separate field Health sciences: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Information is provided by school coordinator or departmental respondent. Includes counts of students and data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. In 2014, the GSS survey frame was updated adding newly eligible institutions and excluding private for-profit institutions that had practitioner oriented graduate programs. The effect of the frame adjustments on the number of biological and health sciences graduate students reported in 2014, however, was minor (-0.3 percent).. Contact Information: Kelly Kang National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-7796 E-mail: kkang@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments, Temporary Residents Only Graduate School Enrollment Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics: This survey produces national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2014 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec. Beginning in 2007, Neurosciences was treated as a separate field Health sciences: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Information is provided by school coordinator or departmental respondent. Includes counts of students and data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. In 2014, the GSS survey frame was updated adding newly eligible institutions and excluding private for-profit institutions that had practitioner oriented graduate programs. The effect of the frame adjustments on the number of biological and health sciences graduate students reported in 2014, however, was minor (-0.3 percent).. Contact Information: Kelly Kang National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-7796 E-mail: kkang@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) Graduate School Enrollment Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics: This survey produces national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2014 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec. Beginning in 2007, Neurosciences was treated as a separate field Health sciences: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Information is provided by school coordinator or departmental respondent. Includes counts of students and data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. In 2014, the GSS survey frame was updated adding newly eligible institutions and excluding private for-profit institutions that had practitioner oriented graduate programs. The effect of the frame adjustments on the number of biological and health sciences graduate students reported in 2014, however, was minor (-0.3 percent). Contact Information: Kelly Kang National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-7796 E-mail: kkang@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Sex Graduate School Enrollment Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics: This survey produces national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2014 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec. Beginning in 2007, Neurosciences was treated as a separate field Health sciences: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Information is provided by school coordinator or departmental respondent. Includes counts of students and data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. In 2014, the GSS survey frame was updated adding newly eligible institutions and excluding private for-profit institutions that had practitioner oriented graduate programs. The effect of the frame adjustments on the number of biological and health sciences graduate students reported in 2014, however, was minor (-0.3 percent).. Contact Information: Kelly Kang National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-7796 E-mail: kkang@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Mechanism of Support Graduate School Enrollment Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics: This survey produces national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2014 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec. Beginning in 2007, Neurosciences was treated as a separate field Health sciences: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Information is provided by school coordinator or departmental respondent. Includes counts of students and data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. In 2014, the GSS survey frame was updated adding newly eligible institutions and excluding private for-profit institutions that had practitioner oriented graduate programs. The effect of the frame adjustments on the number of biological and health sciences graduate students reported in 2014, however, was minor (-0.3 percent). Contact Information: Kelly Kang National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-7796 E-mail: kkang@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

NIH Trainees and Fellows

Pre-Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Full-Time Positions Awarded on NIH Training Grants and Fellowships NIH Trainees and Fellows Source: National Institutes of Health http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm Study Characteristics: Information comes from NIH administrative records Survey Dates: 1976-2015 Field Specifications: None Survey Notes: Data are available on training grants, fellowships, predoctoral awards, postdoctoral awards, and degree of recipient, numbers of applications, awards and success rates. Contact Information: NIH Data Book Source: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm

Postdoctoral Fellowship (F32) Applications Reviewed and Awarded NIH Trainees and Fellows Source: National Institutes of Health http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm Study Characteristics: Information comes from NIH administrative records Survey Dates: 1976-2015 Field Specifications: None Survey Notes: Data are available on training grants, fellowships, predoctoral awards, postdoctoral awards, and degree of recipient, numbers of applications, awards and success rates. Contact Information: NIH Data Book Source: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm

NIH Spending on Training Grants and Fellowships NIH Spending on Trainees and Fellows Source: National Institutes of Health Office of Budget NIH Data Book Source: http://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/history_budget_req.html

Doctorate Awards

Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Citizenship/Visa Status Doctorate Awards Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Earned Doctorates http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/ Survey Characteristics: Data for the Survey of Earned Doctorates are collected directly from individual doctorate recipients. The questionnaire is distributed through the cooperation of the graduate deans to persons as they are completing their doctorate. In the period from 1996-2005, survey response rates varied between 91 and 93%. Survey Dates: 1957-2015 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Biomedical sciences, Biometrics/biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology, Botany/Plant Biology, Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology, Developmental biology/embryology, Ecology, Endocrinology, Entomology, Human/animal genetics, Human/animal pathology, Human/animal pharmacology, Human/animal physiology, Microbiology, Molecular biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional sciences, Parasitology, Plant genetics, Plant pathology/phytopathology, Plant physiology, Toxicology, Zoology, other, Biological sciences, general, Biological Sciences, other Health Sciences: Environmental health, Environmental toxicology, Epidemiology, Medical/pharmaceutical sciences, Public health, and Veterinary sciences Survey Notes: Key variables of the survey include: Academic institution attended, Citizenship status at graduation, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Birth year, Disability status, Educational attainment of parents, Educational history after high school, Field of degree specialty (N = 287), Field of employment, Financial support (e.g., fellowship, research assistantship), Kind of academic institution that conferred degree (e.g., Carnegie classification, size, public or private), Kind of employment planned (e.g., postdoctoral appointment, employment sector), Marital status, Number of dependents, Place of birth, Postgraduation plans, Race and Hispanic ethnicity (by subgroup), Sex, and Work activity planned after doctoral degree. Citizenship not shown for veterinary sciences in 2012-14 Contact Information: Mark Fiegener SED Project Officer Human Resources Statistics Program National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-4622 E-mail: mfiegene@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/

Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) Doctorate Awards Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Earned Doctorates http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/ Survey Characteristics: Data for the Survey of Earned Doctorates are collected directly from individual doctorate recipients. The questionnaire is distributed through the cooperation of the graduate deans to persons as they are completing their doctorate. In the period from 1996-2005, survey response rates varied between 91 and 93%. Survey Dates: 1957-2015 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Biomedical sciences, Biometrics/biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology, Botany/Plant Biology, Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology, Developmental biology/embryology, Ecology, Endocrinology, Entomology, Human/animal genetics, Human/animal pathology, Human/animal pharmacology, Human/animal physiology, Microbiology, Molecular biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional sciences, Parasitology, Plant genetics, Plant pathology/phytopathology, Plant physiology, Toxicology, Zoology, other, Biological sciences, general, Biological Sciences, other Health Sciences: Environmental health, Environmental toxicology, Epidemiology, Medical/pharmaceutical sciences, Public health, and Veterinary sciences Survey Notes: Key variables of the survey include: Academic institution attended, Citizenship status at graduation, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Birth year, Disability status, Educational attainment of parents, Educational history after high school, Field of degree specialty (N = 287), Field of employment, Financial support (e.g., fellowship, research assistantship), Kind of academic institution that conferred degree (e.g., Carnegie classification, size, public or private), Kind of employment planned (e.g., postdoctoral appointment, employment sector), Marital status, Number of dependents, Place of birth, Postgraduation plans, Race and Hispanic ethnicity (by subgroup), Sex, and Work activity planned after doctoral degree. Ethnicity not shown for veterinary sciences in 2012-14 Contact Information: Mark Fiegener SED Project Officer Human Resources Statistics Program National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-4622 E-mail: mfiegene@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/

Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Sex Doctorate Awards Source: National Science Foundation: Survey of Earned Doctorates http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/ Survey Characteristics: Data for the Survey of Earned Doctorates are collected directly from individual doctorate recipients. The questionnaire is distributed through the cooperation of the graduate deans to persons as they are completing their doctorate. In the period from 1996-2005, survey response rates varied between 91 and 93%. Survey Dates: 1957-2015 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Biomedical sciences, Biometrics/biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology, Botany/Plant Biology, Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology, Developmental biology/embryology, Ecology, Endocrinology, Entomology, Human/animal genetics, Human/animal pathology, Human/animal pharmacology, Human/animal physiology, Microbiology, Molecular biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional sciences, Parasitology, Plant genetics, Plant pathology/phytopathology, Plant physiology, Toxicology, Zoology, other, Biological sciences, general, Biological Sciences, other Health Sciences: Environmental health, Environmental toxicology, Epidemiology, Medical/pharmaceutical sciences, Public health, and Veterinary sciences Survey Notes: Key variables of the survey include: Academic institution attended, Citizenship status at graduation, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Birth year, Disability status, Educational attainment of parents, Educational history after high school, Field of degree specialty (N = 287), Field of employment, Financial support (e.g., fellowship, research assistantship), Kind of academic institution that conferred degree (e.g., Carnegie classification, size, public or private), Kind of employment planned (e.g., postdoctoral appointment, employment sector), Marital status, Number of dependents, Place of birth, Postgraduation plans, Race and Hispanic ethnicity (by subgroup), Sex, and Work activity planned after doctoral degree. Sex not shown for veterinary sciences in 2012-14 Contact Information: Mark Fiegener SED Project Officer Human Resources Statistics Program National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-4622 E-mail: mfiegene@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/

Academic Postdoctoral Appointments

Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Citizenship/Visa Status Academic Postdoctoral Appointments Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics: The data represent national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2014 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec. Beginning in 2007, Neurosciences was treated as a separate field Health: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Data are provided by the school coordinator or departmental respondent. Survey collects data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. In 2014, the GSS survey frame was updated adding newly eligible institutions and excluding private for-profit institutions that had practitioner oriented graduate programs. The frame adjustment increased the number of biological and health sciences postdocs reported in 2014 by 2.3%. Contact Information: Kelly Kang National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965, Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-7796 E-mail: kkang@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree and Citizenship/Visa Status Academic Postdoctoral Appointments Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics: The data represent national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2014 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec. Beginning in 2007, Neurosciences was treated as a separate field Health: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Data are provided by the school coordinator or departmental respondent. Survey collects data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. Prior to 2010 GSS, the degree type item asked "Of the total [count], how many have an MD, DO, DDS, or DVM" In 2010, data collection was expanded and required respondents to provide counts for each of the following categories: professional degrees (MD, DVM, DO, DDS), doctoral degrees (PhD, ScD, DEng), both professional and doctoral degree (MD-PhD, DVM-PhD), and unknown doctoral degree type. Please note that while the 2010 data are not directly comparable, for purposes of completing this table the 2010 counts of postdocs with medical degrees includes postdocs with professional degrees (MD, DVM, DO, DDS) and postdocs with professional and doctoral degree (MD-PhD, DVM-PhD) degrees. Consistent with the prior data collections, all remaining postdocs (including those of unknown degree type) are counted within the PhD columns. Special tabulation of 2010 GSS data by RTI, 9/11/2012 IIn 2014, the GSS survey frame was updated adding newly eligible institutions and excluding private for-profit institutions that had practitioner oriented graduate programs. The frame adjustment increased the number of biological and health sciences postdocs reported in 2014 by 2.3%. Contact Information: Kelly Kang National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) / National Science Foundation Phone: (703) 292-7796, E-mail: kkang@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree and U. S Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree and U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents Only Academic Postdoctoral Appointments Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics: The data represent national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2014 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec. Beginning in 2007, Neurosciences was treated as a separate field Health: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Data are provided by the school coordinator or departmental respondent. Survey collects data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. Prior to 2010 GSS, the degree type item asked "Of the total [count], how many have an MD, DO, DDS, or DVM" In 2010, data collection was expanded and required respondents to provide counts for each of the following categories: professional degrees (MD, DVM, DO, DDS), doctoral degrees (PhD, ScD, DEng), both professional and doctoral degree (MD-PhD, DVM-PhD), and unknown doctoral degree type. Please note that while the 2010 data are not directly comparable, for purposes of completing this table the 2010 counts of postdocs with medical degrees includes postdocs with professional degrees (MD, DVM, DO, DDS) and postdocs with professional and doctoral degree (MD-PhD, DVM-PhD) degrees. Consistent with the prior data collections, all remaining postdocs (including those of unknown degree type) are counted within the PhD columns. Special tabulation of 2010 GSS data by RTI, 9/11/2012 IIn 2014, the GSS survey frame was updated adding newly eligible institutions and excluding private for-profit institutions that had practitioner oriented graduate programs. The frame adjustment increased the number of biological and health sciences postdocs reported in 2014 by 2.3%. Contact Information: Kelly Kang National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) / National Science Foundation Phone: (703) 292-7796, E-mail: kkang@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree: Temporary Residents Only Academic Postdoctoral Appointments Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics: The data represent national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2014 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec. Beginning in 2007, Neurosciences was treated as a separate field Health: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Data are provided by the school coordinator or departmental respondent. Survey collects data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. Prior to 2010 GSS, the degree type item asked "Of the total [count], how many have an MD, DO, DDS, or DVM" In 2010, data collection was expanded and required respondents to provide counts for each of the following categories: professional degrees (MD, DVM, DO, DDS), doctoral degrees (PhD, ScD, DEng), both professional and doctoral degree (MD-PhD, DVM-PhD), and unknown doctoral degree type. Please note that while the 2010 data are not directly comparable, for purposes of completing this table the 2010 counts of postdocs with medical degrees includes postdocs with professional degrees (MD, DVM, DO, DDS) and postdocs with professional and doctoral degree (MD-PhD, DVM-PhD) degrees. Consistent with the prior data collections, all remaining postdocs (including those of unknown degree type) are counted within the PhD columns. Special tabulation of 2010 GSS data by RTI, 9/11/2012 In 2014, the GSS survey frame was updated adding newly eligible institutions and excluding private for-profit institutions that had practitioner oriented graduate programs. The frame adjustment increased the number of biological and health sciences postdocs reported in 2014 by 2.3%. Contact Information: Kelly Kang National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) / National Science Foundation Phone: (703) 292-7796, E-mail: kkang@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Sex and Citizenship/ Visa Status Academic Postdoctoral Appointments Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics: The data represent national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2014 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec. Beginning in 2007, Neurosciences was treated as a separate field Health: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Data are provided by the school coordinator or departmental respondent. Survey collects data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. In 2014, the GSS survey frame was updated adding newly eligible institutions and excluding private for-profit institutions that had practitioner oriented graduate programs. The frame adjustment increased the number of biological and health sciences postdocs reported in 2014 by 2.3%. Contact Information: Kelly Kang National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965, Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-7796 E-mail: kkang@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Source of Support Academic Postdoctoral Appointments Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics: The data represent national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2014 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec. Beginning in 2007, Neurosciences was treated as a separate field Health: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Data are provided by the school coordinator or departmental respondent. Survey collects data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. In 2010 GSS, the postdoctoral appointee (postdoc) section of the GSS was expanded and the sources and mechanism of support collected in greater detail. Due to methodological changes, it is unclear how much of increase reported in 2010 represents growth in postdoctoral appointments and how much results from improved data collection. In addition, the 2010 source and mechanism of postdoc support are not directly comparable to prior year data. Missing support data were not imputed in 2010 and are included within the Unknown/Not Reported category. 2010 should be treated as break in trend data. Special tabulation of 2010 data by RTI from Table HG, 9/11/2012 IIn 2014, the GSS survey frame was updated adding newly eligible institutions and excluding private for-profit institutions that had practitioner oriented graduate programs. The frame adjustment increased the number of biological and health sciences postdocs reported in 2014 by 2.3%. Contact Information: Kelly Kang National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) / National Science Foundation Phone: (703) 292-7796, E-mail: kkang@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

Postdoctoral Appointments for Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions

Percentage of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 1-2 Years Post-PhD Postdoctoral Appointments for Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: 1973 – 1993 Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other 1993 (NEW) – 2008 Biomedical doctorate holders are doctorates from U.S. universities who received degrees in the following fields: biochemistry and biophysics; biology, general; cell and molecular biology; genetics, animal and plant; microbiological sciences and immunology; nutritional sciences; pharmacology, human and animal; physiology and pathology, human and animal; zoology, general. Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth , Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reasons) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Includes US citizens and permanent residents only. Contact Information: Ms. Jeri Mulrow, Program Director, Information and Technology Services Program National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965, Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-8780, E-mail: jmulrow@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/

Percentage of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 3-4 Years Post-PhD Postdoctoral Appointments for Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics: The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: 1973 – 1993 Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other 1993 (NEW) – 2008 Biomedical doctorate holders are doctorates from U.S. universities who received degrees in the following fields: biochemistry and biophysics; biology, general; cell and molecular biology; genetics, animal and plant; microbiological sciences and immunology; nutritional sciences; pharmacology, human and animal; physiology and pathology, human and animal; zoology, general. Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth , Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reasons) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Includes US citizens and permanent residents only. Contact Information: Ms. Jeri Mulrow Program Director, Information and Technology Services Program National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-8780 E-mail: jmulrow@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/

Percentage of US Biomedical PhDs with Academic Postdoc 1-2 Years Post-PhD Postdoctoral Appointments for Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics: The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: 1973 – 1993 Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other 1993 (NEW) – 2008 Biomedical doctorate holders are doctorates from U.S. universities who received degrees in the following fields: biochemistry and biophysics; biology, general; cell and molecular biology; genetics, animal and plant; microbiological sciences and immunology; nutritional sciences; pharmacology, human and animal; physiology and pathology, human and animal; zoology, general. Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth , Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reasons) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Includes US citizens and permanent residents only. Contact Information: Ms. Jeri Mulrow, Program Director, Information and Technology Services Program National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-8780 E-mail: jmulrow@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/

Percentage of US Biomedical PhDs with Academic Postdoc 3-4 Years Post-PhD Postdoctoral Appointments for Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics: The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: 1973 – 1993 Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other 1993 (NEW) - 2008 Biomedical doctorate holders are doctorates from U.S. universities who received degrees in the following fields: biochemistry and biophysics; biology, general; cell and molecular biology; genetics, animal and plant; microbiological sciences and immunology; nutritional sciences; pharmacology, human and animal; physiology and pathology, human and animal; zoology, general. Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth , Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reasons) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Includes US citizens and permanent residents only. Contact Information: Ms. Jeri Mulrow, Program Director, Information and Technology Services Program National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-8780 E-mail: jmulrow@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/

Stay Rates of Foreign Doctorate Recipients from US Universities

Percentage Stay Rates for Temporary Residents with Life Sciences Doctorates Stay Rates of Foreign Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities Source: Stay Rate Publications Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Science Education Programs http://orise.orau.gov/sep/pubs.htm Study Characteristics: This series of studies uses income and Social Security tax records to estimate the proportion of foreign doctorate recipients from U.S. universities who stayed in the United States after graduation. Survey Dates: 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011 Field Specifications: Life science (exclusive of agricultural science) Notes: Temporary residents earning a doctoral degree in one of the sciences were identified from the NSF Survey of Earned Doctorates for the years of interest. Survey staff then prepared a diskette containing the birth years and Social Security numbers of these individuals for matching with tax records. The stay rate is the proportion in a group that was recorded by the Social Security Administration to have paid either Federal income taxes and/or Social Security taxes on at least $5,000 in earnings. Due to confidentiality concerns, only aggregate summaries are produced. Contact Information: Dean M. Evasius Director, Science Education Programs Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Work: 865.576.3424 science.education@orau.org Year of Doctorate Source: http://orise.orau.gov/science-education/publications/

Employment Status of Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions

Employment of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment Employment Status of Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics: The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: 1973 – 1993 Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other 1993 (NEW) – 2008 Biomedical doctorate holders are doctorates from U.S. universities who received degrees in the following fields: biochemistry and biophysics; biology, general; cell and molecular biology; genetics, animal and plant; microbiological sciences and immunology; nutritional sciences; pharmacology, human and animal; physiology and pathology, human and animal; zoology, general. Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth , Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reasons) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Includes US citizens and permanent residents only. Contact Information: Ms. Jeri Mulrow Program Director, Information and Technology Services Program National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-8780 E-mail: jmulrow@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/

Distribution of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment Employment Status of Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics: The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: 1973 – 1993 Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other 1993 (NEW) – 2008 Biomedical doctorate holders are doctorates from U.S. universities who received degrees in the following fields: biochemistry and biophysics; biology, general; cell and molecular biology; genetics, animal and plant; microbiological sciences and immunology; nutritional sciences; pharmacology, human and animal; physiology and pathology, human and animal; zoology, general. Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth , Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reasons) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Includes US citizens and permanent residents only. Contact Information: Ms. Jeri Mulrow Program Director, Information and Technology Services Program National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-8780 E-mail: jmulrow@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/

Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status Employment Status of Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics: The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: 1973 – 1993 Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other 1993 (NEW) – 2008 Biomedical doctorate holders are doctorates from U.S. universities who received degrees in the following fields: biochemistry and biophysics; biology, general; cell and molecular biology; genetics, animal and plant; microbiological sciences and immunology; nutritional sciences; pharmacology, human and animal; physiology and pathology, human and animal; zoology, general. Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth , Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reasons) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Includes US citizens and permanent residents only. Contact Information: Ms. Jeri Mulrow, Program Director, Information and Technology Services Program National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-8780, E-mail: jmulrow@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/

Distribution of Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status Employment Status of Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics: The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: 1973 – 1993 Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other 1993 (NEW) – 2008 Biomedical doctorate holders are doctorates from U.S. universities who received degrees in the following fields: biochemistry and biophysics; biology, general; cell and molecular biology; genetics, animal and plant; microbiological sciences and immunology; nutritional sciences; pharmacology, human and animal; physiology and pathology, human and animal; zoology, general. Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth , Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reasons) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Includes US citizens and permanent residents only. Contact Information: Ms. Jeri Mulrow, Program Director, Information and Technology Services Program National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965, Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-8780 E-mail: jmulrow@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/

Percentage of US Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions, Total Employment Status of Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics: The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: 1973 – 1993 Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other 1993 (NEW) – 2008 Biomedical doctorate holders are doctorates from U.S. universities who received degrees in the following fields: biochemistry and biophysics; biology, general; cell and molecular biology; genetics, animal and plant; microbiological sciences and immunology; nutritional sciences; pharmacology, human and animal; physiology and pathology, human and animal; zoology, general. Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth , Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reasons) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Includes US citizens and permanent residents only. Contact Information: Ms. Jeri Mulrow, Program Director, Information and Technology Services Program National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-8780 E-mail: jmulrow@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/

Percentage of US Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions 5-6 Years Post-PhD Employment Status of Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics: The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: 1973 – 1993 Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other 1993 (NEW) – 2008 Biomedical doctorate holders are doctorates from U.S. universities who received degrees in the following fields: biochemistry and biophysics; biology, general; cell and molecular biology; genetics, animal and plant; microbiological sciences and immunology; nutritional sciences; pharmacology, human and animal; physiology and pathology, human and animal; zoology, general. Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth , Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reasons) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Includes US citizens and permanent residents only. Contact Information: Ms. Jeri Mulrow, Program Director, Information and Technology Services Program National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965, Arlington, VA 22230 Phone: (703) 292-8780 E-mail: jmulrow@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/

Medical School Faculty Appointments

Medical School Faculty Members by Degree and Department Type Medical School Faculty Appointments Source: Faculty Roster Association of American Medical Colleges http://www.aamc.org/data/facultyroster/reports.htm Survey Characteristics: The AAMC collects comprehensive information on the characteristics of paid faculty members at accredited U.S. allopathic medical schools. When individuals are first appointed to faculty positions, medical schools submit educational, employment, and demographic data to the Faculty Roster, and updates are made as needed. Institutional participation in the Faculty Roster is voluntary. Survey Dates: 1966-2011 Field Specifications: Basic Sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Pathology (Basic Science), Pharmacology, Physiology, Other Basic Sciences Clinical Sciences: Anesthesiology, Dermatology, Emergency Medicine, Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ophthalmology, Orthopedic Surgery, Otolaryngology, Pathology (Clinical), Pediatrics, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Radiology, Surgery, Other Clinical Sciences, Other: Dentistry, Other Health Professions, Social Sciences, Veterinary Sciences Survey Notes: Tabulations are made by Department, School, Academic Rank, Race/Ethnicity, Degree, Sex, Tenure Status Contact Information: Hershel Alexander, Ph.D. Director, Faculty Data Systems and Studies halexander@aamc.org Source: https://www.aamc.org/data/facultyroster/reports/

Total and New Full-Time Faculty 1970 to 2010 in US Medical Schools with Ph.D. or equivalent degree (includes M.D./Ph.D.) Medical School Faculty Appointments Source: Faculty Roster Association of American Medical Colleges http://www.aamc.org/data/facultyroster/reports.htm Survey Characteristics: The AAMC collects comprehensive information on the characteristics of paid faculty members at accredited U.S. allopathic medical schools. When individuals are first appointed to faculty positions, medical schools submit educational, employment, and demographic data to the Faculty Roster, and updates are made as needed. Institutional participation in the Faculty Roster is voluntary. Survey Dates: 1970-2013 Field Specifications: Basic Sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Pathology (Basic Science), Pharmacology, Physiology, Other Basic Sciences Clinical Sciences: Anesthesiology, Dermatology, Emergency Medicine, Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ophthalmology, Orthopedic Surgery, Otolaryngology, Pathology (Clinical), Pediatrics, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Radiology, Surgery, Other Clinical Sciences, Other: Dentistry, Other Health Professions, Social Sciences, Veterinary Sciences Survey Notes: Tabulations are made by Department, School, Academic Rank, Race/Ethnicity, Degree, Sex, Tenure Status Contact Information: Hershel Alexander, Ph.D. Director, Faculty Data Systems and Studies halexander@aamc.org Source: http://www.aamc.org

NIH Grant Applications and Awards

Average Age of First Time R01 Equivalent Investigators NIH Grant Applications and Awards Source: Office of Extramural Research National Institutes of Health http://report.nih.gov/ Survey Characteristics: Information reflects the complete population of NIH grant applicants and awardees Survey Dates: 1970-2011 Field Specifications: Data are compiled by funding Institute and Center and are not coded by investigator’s field of research Notes: Information on applications and awards is presented by funding activity, mechanism, type of grant (competing/non-competing), funding institute or center, state, congressional district, and type of institution. Occasional tabulations are presented by characteristics of applicant/awardee: sex, degree, first-time award recipient and age. Contact Information: Carol Ann Bleakley National Institutes of Health Email: carol.bleakley@nih.gov Phone: 301-435-2702 Source: http://report.nih.gov/

Number of Competing NIH Awards (Including First R01) NIH Grant Applications and Awards Source: Office of Extramural Research National Institutes of Health http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm Survey Characteristics: Information reflects the complete population of NIH grant applicants and awardees Survey Dates: 1970-2015 Field Specifications: Data are compiled by funding Institute and Center and are not coded by investigator’s field of research Notes: Information on applications and awards is presented by funding activity, mechanism, type of grant (competing/non-competing), funding institute or center, state, congressional district, and type of institution. Occasional tabulations are presented by characteristics of applicant/awardee: sex, degree, first-time award recipient and age. Contact Information: Carol Ann Bleakley National Institutes of Health Email: carol.bleakley@nih.gov Phone: 301-435-2702 Source: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm

Employment in Industry

Employment in Publicly-Owned Biotechnology Firms, 1992-2013 Employment in U.S Biotechnology Firms Source: Ernst & Young, Beyond Borders: Global Biotechnology Reports, http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Industries/Life-Sciences Last updated: September 2014 Reports show data for two years and often modify the earlier data. When annual data are subsequently modified, the data from the most recent report is used. Source: http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Industries/Life-Sciences

Domestic R&D Scientific and Technical Personnel, PHRMA Member Companies 1999-2010 Employment in U.S. Pharmaceutical Companies Source: PhRMA Annual Industry Profiles: http://www.phrma.org/profiles-reports Series discontinued after 2012 Source: http://www.phrma.org/profiles-reports

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