CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS Start by drawing a chlorine and sodium Bohr-Rutherford diagram on the board and show how the electrons are shared Talk about how sodium has a charge of +1 and chlorine has a charge of -1

Different ways for atoms to combine… Metal + Non-Metal form compound made up of charged particles that become ions by gaining or losing electrons Non-Metal + Non-Metal Nucleus of one atom forms strong attraction to valence electron of another atom “tug of war” for electrons occurs, but neither atom wins Instead, the two atoms share each other’s electrons, resulting in a what we call a covalent bond that holds the atoms together Metal + Metal Alloys created by melting two or more metals and then mixing the Different from compounds because they are solutions of metals and atoms are not chemically joined

IONIC COMPOUNDS (metal + non-metal) Ionic compound: a compound that consists of positively and negatively charged ions Atoms want to be stable In ionic compounds, atoms become stable by either gaining or losing electrons to accomplish a full outer shell An ionic bond is created examples

Important terms… Ion: a particle that has either a positive or a negative charge Cation: a positively charged ion Anion: a negatively charged ion

What could it join with in order to accomplish this? What would have to happen to a lithium atom in order for it to become chemically “stable”? What could it join with in order to accomplish this? examples

Bonding Between Alkali Metals and Halogens FLUORINE CHLORINE BROMINE IODINE LITHIUM LiF LiCl LiBr LiI SODIUM NaF NaCl NaBr NaI POTASSIUM KF KCl KBr KI Naming: The name of the metal does not change the name of the non-metal takes an “ide” ending Ex. NaCl  Sodium chloride

Mg v Cl 2+ 1-

Ca Cl Needs to lose 2 electrons Needs to gain 1 electron CaCl2

Bonding between Alkaline Earth Metals and Halogens FLUORINE CHLORINE BROMINE IODINE Beryllium Magnesium Calcium BeF2 BeCl2 BeBr2 BeI2 MgF2 MgCl2 MgBr2 MgI2 CaF2 CaCl2 CaBr2 CaI2