POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED Northern Regional Load Despatch Centre (NRLDC) WELCOMES TANZANIAN DELEGATION 26th August 2003

Indian Power Grid – its Evolution Phenomenal expansion since Independence Generation : 1349 MW 105,800 MW (in 1947) (in 2003) Grid : Local grid – at the time of Independence. State Grids – emerged in 1960s. Regional Grids – in 1970s. Five Regional Grids – Northern, Western, Southern, Eastern & North-eastern National Grid – All Five Regions Interconnected (2002)

Back NR NER ER WR SR DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID EXISTING 500 MW 1000 GAZUWAKA CHANDRAPUR VINDHYACHAL SASARAM 500 MW 1000 Back

Growth of installed capacity for electricity in India

Power development - 16th EPS projections: Energy requirement in BU Peak requirement in MW Energy requirement in BU

Fuel wise break-up of installed capacity in power sector Total installed capacity is 105,800 MW

Sector wise consumption of electricity in India

Hydro Thermal mix in India in 2002

Growth of Cumulative capacity of Inter-regional links

Grid Operation by POWERGRID Earlier performed by personnel from Central Electricity Authority on the platform of REB Transferred to POWERGRID in stages -SRLDC 1994 -ERLDC 1995 -WRLDC 1996 -NRLDC 1996 Overall improvement in grid operation since takeover by POWERGRID

Overall Improvements by POWERGRID Better hydro-thermal mix through objective & rational Scheduling. Better merit order operation enhancing the overall efficiency. Effective use of transmission lines and enhanced utilisation of their capabilities, retaining stability margins. Better commercial practices. Improvement in grid parameters (e.g. voltage, frequency profiles). Better utilization of Inter-regional links. Infused the grid discipline. Lower backing down of Power plants.

Overall Improvements by POWERGRID Optimum capacity utilisation Better co-ordination among constituents. Transparency in grid operation. Documentation of Grid Code, Regional operating Procedures, Black Start Procedures etc. Introduction of modern State-of-the-art technology in grid operation. Better communication facilities Introduction of modern SCADA & EMS scheme (ULDC)

NORTHERN REGION

Northern Regional Power System Salient Features Northern Regional Power System Largest in geographical area amongst the five regions of India covering 30.7% of the area and approx 29.9% of the country’s population . Largest number of participating constituents (9 states, 5 Central generating companies, one Central Transmission Utility and Bhakra Beas Management Board).

Northern Regional Power System Salient Features Northern Regional Power System Effective generation capacity 28794 MW Regional Peak Met 23015 MW Average Energy Consumption 425 MU / day Central --39.4%, BBMB—9.9%, State—50.3%

Northern Regional Power System Salient Features Northern Regional Power System Transmission system + 500 kV HVDC 1630 Ckt. Kms. 15033 Ckt. Kms. 400 kV 220 kV 28353 Ckt. Kms. TOTAL 45016 Ckt. Kms.

Northern Regional Power System Salient Features Northern Regional Power System Largest Generating Stations Thermal (coal fired) SSTPS(NTPC) 2000 MW Hydro Bhakra Complex (BBMB) 1493 MW Nuclear RAPS Complex (NPC) 740 MW Thermal (gas fired) Dadri Gas (NTPC) 829.78 MW

2002 STATISTICS (PRE ABT)

COMMERCIAL MECHANISM

Payment to Inter State Generating Stations (ISGS) from beneficiaries under Availability Based Tariff (ABT) Capacity charges Energy charges Unscheduled Interchange (UI)

CAPACITY CHARGE Capacity charge will be related to ‘availability’ of the generating station and the percentage capacity allocated to the state. ‘Availability’ for this purpose means the readiness of the generating station to deliver ex-bus output expressed as a percentage of its rated ex-bus output capability.

ENERGY CHARGE Energy charges shall be worked out on the basis of a paise per kwh rate on ex-bus energy scheduled to be sent out from the generating station as per the following formula Energy charges = Rate of energy charges (paise/kwh) x Scheduled Generation (ex-bus MWh)

UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) : Variation in actual generation / drawal with respect to scheduled generation / drawal shall be accounted for through Unscheduled Interchange (UI). UI for generating station shall be equal to its total actual generation minus its scheduled generation. UI for beneficiary shall be equal to its total actual drawal minus its total scheduled drawal.

UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (UI) RATES Average frequency of 15 minute time block UI Rate (Paise / KWh) 50.5 Hz & Above 0.0 Below 50.50 Hz & up to 50.48 Hz 5.6 Below 49.04 Hz & up to 49.02 Hz 414.60 Below 49.02 Hz 420.00 Between 50.50 Hz & 49.02 Hz (50.5 – F/0.02) x 5.6

UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGES (UI) I.E. DEVIATIONS FROM SCHEDULES Makes all the players in the grid self-responsive and enhances merit order. Good UI helps in improving frequency and enables one constituent to help the other (for meeting more consumer demand i.e reducing load shedding) UI provides the mechanism for on-line displacement of costlier generation by cheaper generation : ultimate optimisation.

REACTIVE ENERGY CHARGES Under ABT, a reactive energy charge in paise/kwh is applicable. The charges would be @ 4.0 paise/kVARh upto 31st March 2001 and escalated @ 5% per annum. This would be applicable for reactive power exchanges outside the 97-103% voltage band.

POWER SYSTEM OPERATION MODERNISATION OF POWER SYSTEM OPERATION ULDC SCHEME

UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH & COMMUNICATION (ULDC) SCHEMES POWERGRID is implementing ULDC schemes in all the five regions with state of the art SCADA Energy Management System and Dedicated Communication System

ULD & C PROJECT: OBJECTIVES To have Greater and deeper visibility of the power system under control Better communication and co-ordination between control centers Effective management of grid parameters viz. frequency, voltage etc. and better grid security through various SCADA/EMS features resulting in better Operations scheduling Operations monitoring and control Power system analysis A real time environment for dispatcher training

HIERARCHICAL SETUP NLDC 5 Nos. ERLDC WRLDC NRLDC SRLDC NERLDC 32 Nos. SLDC 41 Nos. SUB LDC 1160 Nos. RTU

UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH & COMMUNICATION SCHEME (NORTHERN REGION) HPSEB 1 SLDC 2 Sub-LDC 16 RTUs J&K SEB 1 SLDC 1 Sub-LDC 16 RTUs Jammu & Kashmir Bemina BBMB 1 SLDC 4 Sub-LDC 21 RTUs F PSEB 1 SLDC 2 Sub-LDC 40 RTUs Gladni H Hamirpur Jallandhar (B) Himachal Pradesh Ganguwal (B) Jallandhar (P) Jutogh F F F Kunihar F H F Chandigarh,BBMB Punjab Laltonkalan H H Rishikesh Uttaranchal 1 SLDC 27 RTUs F H ana F Rishikesh Patiala Panipat (BBMB) Narwana F H F HVPNL 1 SLDC 2 Sub-LDC 42 RTUs Hary Panipat(HSEB) F Dadri (B) J F F DVB Moradabad F H F F F Delhi Dadri (H) Ratangarh F Uttar Pradesh DVB 1 SLDC 4 Sub-LDC 31 RTUs Rajasthan H Panki H Lucknow F Heerapura F Sultanpur F RVPNL 1 SLDC 3 Sub-LDC 79 RTUs F Kota F Bhilwara F Varanasi Madhya Pradesh Gujarat UPPCL 1 SLDC 4 Sub-LDC 55 RTUs RLDC NEW DELHI 36 RTUs CPCC KANPUR 6 RTUs H SLDC Sub - LDC F

Control System Hierarchy For Northern Region RSCC Delhi RTUs - 36 SLDC UPSEB SLDC HVPNL SLDCPSEB SLDC RVPNL SLDCJ&K SLDCBBMB SLDC HPSEB SLDCDVB CPCCKanpur Sub-LDC (RTUs) Sub-LDC (RTUs) Sub-LDC (RTUs) Sub-LDC (RTUs) Sub-LDC (RTUs) Sub-LDC (RTUs) Sub-LDC (RTUs) Sub-LDC (RTUs) RTUs - 6 Moradabad (17) Panipat (12) Patiala (12) Heerapura ( 12) Gladini (8) Dadri (5) Hamirpur (8) Bawana (5) Bhilwara (29) Panki (13) Narwana (15) Jalandhar II (20) Bemina (8) Ganguwal (6) Kunihar (8) Bamanauli (12) Kota (11) Rishikesh (27) Dadri (14) Lalton Kalan (8) Jalandhar I (4) Gazipur (8) Ratangarh (12) Sultanpur (8) Panipat (5) Gopalpur (5) (RTU-L) Panipat Varanasi (16) (RTU-L) Chandigarh (RTU-L) Minto Road (RTU-L) Lucknow

Unique Features of Northern Region ULDC Scheme Three Level Hierarchical Control centres More than ten electrical utilities involved Highly Complex system First Time attempted in the world as a Single Project Dedicated communication Infrastructure Live Line Fibre Optic Cable Stringing More than 30 control centres and 400 RTUs Advance Despatcher training Simulator

SUPERVISORY CONTROL & DATA ACQUISITION (SCADA) FUNCTIONS RTU DATA ACQUISITION SUPERVISORY CONTROL DATA EXCHANGE DATA PROCESSING (Alarms, SOE,Generalized calculations) DISTURBANCE DATA COLLECTION HISTORICAL INFORMATION STORAGE & RETRIEVAL (ISR)

EMS FEATURES OPERATION SCHEDULING Load forecasting Inflow forecasting Unit commitment Hydro scheduling Hydro Thermal Coordination Interchange scheduling Current operating plan Outage scheduling LOAD GENERATION BALANCE Operation monitoring AGC Economic despatch Reserve monitoring Loadshed /Restoration Production costing POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS Network Topology State estimation Contingency analysis Optimal power flow Transmission loss sensitivity factors Post disturbance analysis

Dispatcher Training Simulator Primary use: Training of Dispatchers for routine and emergency scenario in a controlled and safe off-line manner. Network split, blackouts Large voltage or frequency excursions Engineering tool for operations planning (generation plans, network switching, etc..) and for understanding of power system behavior.

POWER SECTOR REFORMS IN INDIA

Indian Power Sector (Pre-Reforms) 1. Vertically Integrated Utilities - Generation - Transmission - Distribution 2. Central Sector Generation 3. Central Sector Transmission

Indian Power Sector Reforms Thrust areas and progress 1. SERCs constituted in 22 out of 29 states 2. 14 SERCs have issued tariff orders 3. 10 states have unbundled their SEBs

Indian Power Sector Reforms (contd/-) Thrust areas and progress 4. 2 states have privatised distribution 5. 27 states have signed MoUs with the Ministry of Power 6. 11 states have provided 100% metering at 11 kV

Indian Power Sector Reforms (contd/-) Thrust areas and progress 7. 5 states have provided 100% consumer metering 8. 10 states have provided for anti-theft legislation

Thank You