Chapter 20 What is a human? Page 622

What is a human? Humans are similar to animals in many ways Humans have all the behaviors of animals Human bodies work the same way as animal bodies However, humans are made in the image of God – we are spiritually aware

Human Behavior There are 3 kinds of behavior Innate (inborn) behavior – the human/animal is born doing these things Reflex behavior – automatic and involuntary (can’t control it); also called reflexes; pulling away from pain, closing eyes Instinct behavior – also called instincts; the human/animal knows how to do certain things to help it survive (live); eating, drinking, sexual reproduction, etc – instincts can be controlled

Human Behavior Conditioned behavior – the human learns these behaviors through its life experiences and from watching others – cooking, speaking, walking, how to take care of babies Intelligent behavior Humans are very smart they are smart, can communicate, and can change their environment based on what they want They can see a problem, and create a solution based on thought

Human Behavior The higher your intelligent and conditioned behavior, the fewer instincts you will have – the instincts are replaced with conditioned behaviors We learn to go to the bathroom in the toilet, we learn to care for our children well, etc

Spiritual behavior Humans have one very important distinction (thing that separates us) from animals – we are made in the image of God We are spiritually aware – we know that there is something more important than this life from the moment we are born

Spiritual behavior Humans are born knowing that there is a God and that they need to do something about their spirituality This is the reason for so many religions: if I know that I need something spiritual, and I do not know (or choose to reject) the truth, I will create something to fill my need The need for spirituality is as real as the need for food

Human Anatomy and Physiology There are 2 things that we are studying when we study the human body: Anatomy – the study of the shape and structure of the body – What is this part? Physiology – the study of the function of the body – What does this part do? We always study the body in anatomical position

Anatomical Position

Studying the human body One of the easiest ways to study the human body is to study the tissues Tissues are groups of cells working together to do a job This is called the study of anatomy and physiology when we do it without a microscope When we put the tissues under a microscope, it is called histology

Tissues There are four kinds of tissues in the human body 1.) Connective tissues – bones, blood, lymph, tendons, fat, and cartilage There is more connective tissue in the body than any other kind of tissue This tissue’s job is to support (hold up), connect, and protect other tissues in the body

Tissues (cont) 2.) Epithelial tissue – tissues that cover or line the internal and external surfaces Skin, hair, nails, cells that cover the inside of organs 3.) Muscle tissue – cells that contract They move the body or move things through the body There are three kinds of muscle tissue

Tissues (cont) 4.) Nervous tissue – cells that receive and transmit messages Brain, spinal cord, nerves Coordinate muscle movements, interprets sensations from the body, and controls thought processes and emotions

Three kinds of muscle tissue 1.) skeletal muscle tissue – arms, legs, face Skeletal muscle makes the body move 2.) smooth muscle tissue – around the digestive system and blood vessels Controls the movement inside the body that we aren’t aware of 3.) cardiac muscle tissue – found only in the heart – pumps blood through the body

Human body cavities The word cavity in science means a hole or space The human body has 4 main cavities: Cranial cavity – space around the brain Spinal cavity – space around the spinal cord Thoracic cavity – space in the chest around the heart and lungs Abdominal cavity – space in the abdomen around the digestive organs

Organ systems A group of tissues working together is called an organ Organs working together is called an organ system There are 11 organ systems in the human body We will study all of them

11 organ systems 1.) Integumentary system – protects the body from outside – skin, hair, nails 2.) Skeletal system – support for the body – bones, cartilage, joints 3.) Muscular system – movement of and in the body – muscles (skeletal, cardiac, smooth) 4.) Respiratory system – moves oxygen into and out of the body – nose, throat, trachea, bronchi, lungs

11 organ systems 5.) Digestive system – takes in food, breaks down food, makes waste – mouth, teeth, stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, pancreas 6.) Circulatory system – moves blood through the body – heart, arteries, veins 7.) Lymphatic system – protects against disease – spleen, lymph glands, lymphatic vessels, tonsils

11 organ systems 8.) Excretory system – gets rid of wastes (trash) – kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra 9.) Nervous system – control of the body – brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs (eyes, ears, taste buds, etc) 10.) Endocrine system – chemically controls body’s actions – hormones, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas

11 organ systems 11.) Reproductive system – makes babies Different for men and women We will study this, but in general terms (If you want more information than I give you, talk to your parents!!)