The American Revolution

Thirteen Colonies

Trade and Navigation Acts Goods on English or colonist built ships Owners & crew needed to be English or American Products to England first Colonies produce only certain products Enumerated articles-articles that England needed but could not produce: sugar, tobacco, furs, cotton, indigo

Other Acts that Led to War Sugar Act 1764 – tax on molasses 1765 Stamp Act – newspapers, wills, letters

Committees of Correspondence 1772 Designed to keep the flow of information continuous throughout the colonies

The Stamp Act Congress 1765 Representatives from nine of the colonies met and issued their opposition to taxation This affected British merchants and workers.

Quartering Act Colonists are required to provide funds, living quarters (housing) and supplies to the British Troops stationed there

Townshend Acts 1767 Duties (taxes) on paint, tea, glass, lead Led to the use of the writs of assistance These writs were challenged in court but found to be legal

The Boston Massacre 1770 Between British soldiers and colonists in Boston Interpretation Repeal of the Townshend Act

In the end 5 dead, 6 wounded British soldiers defended by John Adams http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/bostonmassacre/bostonmassacre.html Two convicted of manslaughter Propaganda

Declaratory Act March 1776 Asserts that Parliament makes all decisions for the colonies

Virginia Declaration of Rights Virginia’s governing body, the Virginia House of Burgesses passed this resolution that only they could tax Virginians, not the king.

Sons & Daughters of Liberty Encouraged boycotts Spun their own cloth so as not to buy British cloth

Boston Tea Party Tea Act of 1773 – Colonists in Boston refuse to allow ships to unload Overnight, dressed as Native Americans, they dump 342 chests of Tea into Boston Harbor

Intolerable Acts - 1774 King and Parliaments response to Boston Tea Party Port closed until colonists paid for destroyed tea ($75,000) Deprived of right to elect officials

Intolerable Acts Con’t British soldiers tried in England Another Quartering Act

First Continental Congress 1774 Declaration of Rights and Grievances Agreed to not use English goods until Intolerable Acts were repealed Agreed to meet again

First Shot Paul Revere’s Ride Battle at Lexington April 19, 1775

Second Continental Congress May 1775, John Hancock President Established a Continental Army

2nd Continental Congress Appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief Asked colonies to raise troops & money

Thomas Paine Wrote Common Sense Ridiculed the British monarchy Told Americans to sever ties with Great Britain Thousands were swayed by his pamphlet

The Declaration of Independence July, 1776 – The Second Continental Congress Authored by Thomas Jefferson with Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston Thomas Paine

Democratic Government Political power in a democracy comes from the people and is for the benefit of all. The signers of the Declaration of Independence would be considered traitors by the English. If they lost the war they would face death for their treason.

Major Battles Long Island – NY – British – Divided colonies, Long Island was a major water port Trenton & Princeton – NJ – Continental Army Battle of Saratoga – NY – Continental Army – Major victory, encouraged French to join on side of colonists

Major Battles Moores Creek/Guilfort Courthouse – British – Numerous losses on both sides Yorktown – With help of French fleet able to surround British Surrender at Yorktown, Virginia October 6, 1781

Help from other nations French – sent gunpowder, artillery, weapons, soldiers, ships and recognized colonial independence Spanish – fought in FL & MS

People James Middleton – African American officer in Continental Army for a regiment in MA George Rogers Clark – led battles for the C. A. in West Nathaniel Green – Fought in Carolinas Marquis de Lafayette – aide to Washington

Friedrich von Steuben – Drilled soldiers at Valley Forge from Prussia Molly Pitcher – Mary Hayes assisted on battlefield in Battle of Monmouth, NJ Charles Cornwallis – British commander that surrendered at Yorktown

The Treaty of Paris 1783 Ended the American Revolution Recognized the United States of America

Post American Revolution Articles of Confederation The Constitution The Bill of Rights

1. Bunker Hill 2. Rhode Island Massachusetts 4. Boston Massacre 5. Saratoga 6. Non importation 7. Smuggle Coercive Act 9. Thomas Jefferson 10. John Hancock 11. Benjamin Franklin Boycott Repeal Guerilla 15. Thomas Paine 16. Stamp Act 17. Tea Act 18. Ticonderoga 19. Valley Forge 20. Samuel Adams 21. Sugar Act 22. Marquis de Lafayette 23. Ethan Allen 24. Benedict Arnold

1. Crispus Attucks 2. Rhode Island Massachusetts 4. Lexington Custons duty 6. Non importation 7. Writ of assistance John Locke 9. Sons of Liberty 10. John Hancock 11. Benjamin Franklin Letter of Marque Repeal Guerilla 15. George Washington 16. Trenton 17. George III 18. Charles I 19. Natural Rights 20. Samuel Adams 21. Enlightenment 22. Marquis de Lafayette 23. Robert Morris 24. Declaration of Independence

Impel Usurpation Preamble Abdicated Annihilation Insurrections Consanguinity 8. Naturalization of Foreigners Perfidy Quartering 11. Render 12. Petition for Redress 13. Unwarrantable Jurisdiction Rectitude Despotism 16. Convulsions Tenure Inestimable Relinquish Endowed 21. Samuel Adams 22. John Adams 23. James Otis 24. Paul Revere