110° Congresso DIPARTIMENTO DI BIOLOGIA Symposium 3: Agro-biodiversity and its conservation A survey of the Italian endemic vascular flora as a source of Crop Wild Relatives Gianni Bedini, Angelino Carta, Francesco Roma-Marzio, Giovanni Astuti, Lorenzo Peruzzi 110° Congresso della Società Botanica Italiana II INTERNATIONAL PLANT SCIENCE CONFERENCE “NOT ONLY FOOD: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, AGRO-BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION & HUMAN WELL BEING” DIPARTIMENTO DI BIOLOGIA Pavia, 14 - 17 September 2015 1

CWR research 2

Italian endemic vascular plants as CWRs 3

Italian endemic vascular plants as CWRs How many? 4

Italian endemic vascular plants as CWRs How many? Where are they distributed? 5

Italian endemic vascular plants as CWRs How many? Where are they distributed? What is their conservation status? 6

Italian endemic vascular plants as CWRs How many? Where are they distributed? What is their conservation status? What is their representation in ex situ collections? 7

Italian endemic vascular plants as CWRs How many? Where are they distributed? What is their conservation status? What is their representation in ex situ collections? To what extent are they studied from a phylogenetic / reproductive perspective? , so as to generate meanigful data to apply more restrictive gene pool categories (sensu Harlan & De Wet, 1971) or taxonomic groups (sensu Maxted et al., 2006)? 8

Italian endemic vascular plants as CWRs How many? Where are they distributed? What is their conservation status? What is their representation in ex situ collections? To what extent are they studied from a phylogenetic / reproductive perspective? Are Italian endemic CWRs represented in prioritised lists of CWRs? 9

Italian endemic vascular plants as CWRs How many? Where are they distributed? What is their conservation status? What is their representation in ex situ collections? To what extent are they studied from a phylogenetic / reproductive perspective? Are Italian endemic CWRs represented in prioritised lists of CWRs? What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? 10

1. How many 1414 endemic taxa 11

1414 endemic taxa of which 1227 (87%) are CWRs 1. How many 1414 endemic taxa of which 1227 (87%) are CWRs 12

1414 endemic taxa of which 1227 (87%) are CWRs 1. How many 1414 endemic taxa of which 1227 (87%) are CWRs based on the list of CWR published by Landucci et al. (2015) and following Taxonomic Group 4 criterium (all species of same genus as crop, Maxted et al. 2006). [Landucci et al. (2015) report a different number of endemic taxa due to a different taxonomical framework]. 13

1. How many 14

1. How many 15

2. Where are they distributed? Number of species Number of genera 10 – 69 70 - 128 129 – 171 172 – 274 275 – 353 8 – 18 19 - 41 42 – 72 73 – 96 97 – 137 16

3. What is their conservation status? 17

3. What is their conservation status? 18

3. What is their conservation status? MOSTLY UNKNOWN! 19

Only 117 endemic CWRs (9.5%) assessed 3. What is their conservation status? Only 117 endemic CWRs (9.5%) assessed 50 'policy', 67 'non policy' species 20

What is their representation in ex situ collections? 21

What is their representation in ex situ collections? 22

5. To what extent are they studied from a phylogenetic / reproductive perspective? 23

5. To what extent are they studied from a phylogenetic / reproductive perspective? 24

No database available, nor a review, 5. To what extent are they studied from a phylogenetic / reproductive perspective? No database available, nor a review, but... 25

5. To what extent are they studied from a phylogenetic / reproductive perspective [...]? 26

6. Are Italian endemic CWRs represented in prioritised lists of CWRs? 27

6. Are Italian endemic CWRs represented in prioritised lists of CWRs? 28

CWR research 29

61 Italian endemic taxa 30

6. Are Italian endemic CWRs represented in prioritised lists of CWRs? 31

6. Are Italian endemic CWRs represented in prioritised lists of CWRs? 32

95 Italian endemic taxa 33

6. Are Italian endemic CWRs represented in prioritised lists of CWRs? 34

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38 Italian endemic taxa 37

Fill the gaps to complete the assessment of their conservation status 7. What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? Fill the gaps to complete the assessment of their conservation status 38

Fill the gaps to complete the assessment of their conservation status 7. What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? Fill the gaps to complete the assessment of their conservation status On-going project for the compilation of the Red List of the Italian vascular flora led by the Italian Botanical Society: 39

484 endemic taxa in step 2 (to be issued soon); 7. What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? Fill the gaps to complete assessment of conservation status On-going project for the compilation of the Red List of the Italian vascular flora led by the Italian Botanical Society: 484 endemic taxa in step 2 (to be issued soon); 40

484 endemic taxa in step 2 (to be issued soon); 7. What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? Fill the gaps to complete assessment of conservation status On-going project for the compilation of the Red List of the Italian vascular flora led by the Italian Botanical Society: 484 endemic taxa in step 2 (to be issued soon); ~700 endemic taxa in step 3 (to start soon). 41

484 endemic taxa in step 2 (to be issued soon); 7. What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? Fill the gaps to complete assessment of conservation status On-going project for the compilation of the Red List of the Italian vascular flora led by the Italian Botanical Society: 484 endemic taxa in step 2 (to be issued soon); ~700 endemic taxa in step 3 (to start soon). Further efforts will be required to attain a full coverage of the Italian endemic CWRs. 42

7. What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? Record in situ occurence of endemic CWRs in protected areas and elsewhere 43

7. What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? Record in situ occurence of endemic CWRs in protected areas and elsewhere Projects like Wikiplantbase #Toscana, #Sardegna are quickly accumulating diversity distribution data, but need to be focussed on this issue; collaboration with protected areas is of essence. Distribution maps of: Crocus etruscus Parl. (left), and Crocus minimus DC. (right). From Wikiplantbase #Toscana and Wikiplantbase #Sardegna respectively. 44

7. What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? Update the data on ex situ conservation and complete the collection of Italian endemic CWRs 45

7. What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? Update the data on ex situ conservation and complete the collection of Italian endemic CWRs Seeds of endemic species are actively collected by seed banks of native plants in Italy: it's now time to produce a new catalogue of their holdings of Italian endemic CWRs 46

7. What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? Fill the gaps in chromosome counts and promote studies on the phylogenetic relationships and reproductive biology of endemic CWRs 47

7. What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? Fill the gaps in chromosome counts and promote studies on the phylogenetic relationships and reproductive biology of endemic CWRs 48

7. What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? Fill the gaps in chromosome counts and promote studies on the phylogenetic relationships and reproductive biology of endemic CWRs 49

7. What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? Fill the gaps in chromosome counts and promote studies on the phylogenetic relationships and reproductive biology of endemic CWRs 50

7. What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? Fill the gaps in chromosome counts and promote studies on the phylogenetic relationships and reproductive biology of endemic CWRs 51

7. What conclusions can be drawn to enhance the knowledge and conservation of Italian endemic CWRs? Given the growing interest for this topic by the Ministry for the Environment (Andreella et al. 2015), time is ready for a national project specifically focusing on Italian endemic CWRs, involving also Società Botanica Italiana and RIBES, to complete above mentioned action points in a coordinated, efficient and scientifically valid synergy. 52