CHARGE SIGN DEPENDENCE OF LONG TERM COSMIC RAY MODULATION

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Presentation transcript:

CHARGE SIGN DEPENDENCE OF LONG TERM COSMIC RAY MODULATION Paul Evenson* Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA *With major input from John Clem

Cosmic Ray “Solar” Modulation

Charge Sign Dependent Modulation

Randy Jokipii Views the Heliosphere ….

Low Energy Nucleon Modulation Has Typically Been Better Described by Models than Electron Modulation

Describing Cosmic Electrons … … may be compared to a panel discussion among visually challenged persons regarding the anatomy of endangered sub-Saharan pachyderms.

Cosmic Ray Electron Spectrum

Electron and Ion Mean Free Path

Determinations of the Abundance of Cosmic Ray Positrons

Time Variability of the Cosmic Ray Positron Abundance at Approximately 1 GeV

Solar Polar Magnetic Field

2.5 GV electron/proton Ratio at Ulysses (and Current Sheet Tilt Angle) as a Function of Time (Bernd Heber, private communication, 2001)

Some Charge Sign Effects Clearly Are a Function of Current Sheet Tilt Angle

Electrons at 1.2 and 2.5 GeV

Helium and Electrons ~ 1.2 GV “Classic” Normalization

Helium and Electrons ~ 1.2 GV Alternate Normalization

Reminds me of an old mystery ….

Helium and Electrons ~ 1.2 GV

Helium and Electrons ~ 1.2 GV

Helium “Spike” in 1987

Conclusions Ulysses and LEE/AESOP are consistent Electron behavior very energy dependent “Peaked” features in 1987 and 1997 Weak dependence on tilt angle Major shift in 1-2 GeV positron abundance from 1999 to 2000 “Anomalous Electrons” undecided Protheroe (1982) was just about right

LEE/AESOP Launch -- 1999

AESOP Digital Optical Spark Chamber

AESOP and LEE

Observed Positron Abundance – 1999 Flight

Observed Positron Abundance – 2000 Flight