Classifying Living Organisms

Classification Unit Vocabulary Classification – the grouping of things according to similar characteristics Kingdom – a major, large group of similar organisms Species – individuals that are similar in appearance and behavior and can produce offspring Organism – any living thing Taxonomy – the science of classification Genus – a number of similar, closely related species

Lesson 1: The Five Kingdoms Textbook pages 94-95 Give an example of how you classify objects in your home. (kitchen, garage, office, etc…) What are 2 characteristics the hawk and the bat share? What are 2 differences between the hawk and the bat? Give an example of a kingdom you have learned about in history class. How does it relate to the 5 kingdoms on page 95? List the 5 kingdoms. (add Monerans to Bacteria)

The 5 Kingdoms Monerans Protists Fungi Plants Animals

Classification Unit Vocab continued: Carl Linnaeus – 18th century Swedish scientist who developed the two name classification system we use today Binomial nomenclature – classification system giving each organism two names, a genus and species name (ex. homo sapiens) Homo sapiens - the scientific name for humans

History of Classification Read the document “History of Classification” and answer these questions: Scientists have identified more than ________________ different types of living things. The science of classification is a branch of biology known as ______________________. Aristotle divided organisms into these two groups: _______________________________. What did Aristotle ignore when he devised his classification system? Who created the classification system that we use today? What is the naming system called that he developed? What are the two parts to each name in this system? How many names does each living organism have? What two purposes does the Linneaus naming system have?

Linnaeus’s System of Classification Brain Pop classification

Lesson 1: Classification System Classification RAP Textbook pages 96-97 Draw the Linnaeus classification system in your journal. Create a mnemonic device to remember the Order of Classification. Examples: King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti King Phillip Coughed On Fred & he Got Sick How do the relationships among organisms change as they are classified into more exact groups? What is the largest group used to classify living things? The most specific? Two plants are named Vinca minor and Vinca rosea. Are they close relatives? Explain.

Multicellular, have cell walls Obtain energy through photosynthesis Introduction to plants Plant Kingdom Multicellular, have cell walls Obtain energy through photosynthesis Examples: mosses, ferns, flowering plants and seed plants

Classification Unit Vocab continued: Fungi – multicellular organisms that have a nucleus and absorb the organism that it is growing on (mushrooms, yeast, and molds) Spores - single reproductive cells which grow into a new plant

Fungi kingdom Multi-celled organisms Heterotrophs (absorb food from living or dead organisms) Live off dead or living organisms (like dead trees)- decomposers Examples: mushrooms, molds, mildew, & yeast (single-celled fungi) Fungi video

Heterotrophs – organisms that can’t make their own food (animals) Autotrophs – organisms that can make their own food (plants) Heterotrophs – organisms that can’t make their own food (animals) Vertebrate – an animal with a backbone Invertebrate – an animal without a backbone

Animal kingdom Invertebrates (without backbones) and vertebrates (with backbones) Multicellular No cell walls, cannot make their own food, have to get from their environment Examples: dog, cat, giraffe, horse, zebra, tiger

mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish Lesson 2 Vertebrates Textbook pages 104-105 Create a table that lists: the 5 classes of vertebrates, characteristics of each, and an example of the animal in the class. mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish

Lesson 2 – Invertebrates page 106-108 Create a table the lists: the 5 classes of invertebrates, characteristics of each, and an example of the animal in the class. sponges, worms, mollusks, echinoderms, arthropods Vertebrate Animals

Animal kingdom - Invertebrates Cool Fact! 97% of the animal kingdom are invertebrates, 3% are vertebrates Sponges-no body openings, live in water Worms-two body openings, simple nervous system Flatworms, roundworms, segmented worms Mollusks-soft bodies, 3 body parts (head, body, foot) Clams, oysters, squid, octopus, snails Arthropods-bodies divided into segments, legs with several joints, exoskeleton, (largest subgroup) Insects (largest group of animals on land), spiders, crabs, lobsters, scorpions, centipedes, millipedes Echinoderms-external skeletons, 5 body parts Starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollar Invertebrates video

Protist Kingdom Single celled organisms Eukaryotes (have a nucleus) Some are heterotrophs (animal- like) , some are autotrophs (plant- like) Examples: protozoa, amoeba, algae, blue-green algae, diatoms Protist Video 3:11

Moneran Kingdom Smallest & most numerous of earth’s organisms Simple, single celled organisms Prokaryotes (don’t have a nucleus) Heterotrophs AND Autotrophs Examples: bacteria & viruses Bacteria Fun Fact! The total number of bacteria living in your mouth is greater than the number of people who have ever have lived! Bacteria are the most numerous organisms on earth & live EVERYWHERE (even where nothing wants to live!)