Robert W. Frantum-Allen PDU March 1, 2012 Session Four Specialized instruction in Written Expression: The challenges of Learning to Write Robert W. Frantum-Allen PDU March 1, 2012 Session Four

Schedule March 1- Spelling- 900 Grant Glassroom March 22- Spelling 900 Grant 108 ab April 12- Grammar 900 Grant 108 ab April 19- Grammar 900 Grant Glassroom May 3- Composition 900 Grant 108 ab May 10- Composition 900 Grant 108 ab May 17- Composition 900 Grant Glassroom May 24- Final PDU review- Maybe Laura’s community rooms

Objectives 5 Principles for understanding English Spelling We spell by phoneme- grapheme correspondences We spell by position of a phoneme

We spell by phoneme/grapheme correspondence

Phoneme/Grapheme Grapheme Graph= write; -eme = unit of structure Written form of a sound Phoneme Phono= sound; -eme = unit of structure distinctive sounds

Phoneme/Grapheme Mapping

Phoneme/Grapheme Cards er /er/ her

We spell by position of a phoneme- Consonants

Most phonemes are regular but some … Are spelled by … Where the phoneme is placed What other sound comes before or after it beginning middle end

spell chess stiff jazz FOSS Rule We often double F, L,S and Z at the end of one-syllable words with a short stressed vowel spell chess stiff jazz

FOSS Rule Why don’t we double these words gas gel his base

fun half puff cough graph phone Which /f/ spelling do we use when we hear /f/ in a word? Discovery f, ff, ph, gh Single letter F when you hear it at the beginning of a word. Never FF or GH Fan Fun FF after a stressed short vowel Cliff Staff fun half puff cough graph phone GH is only used in words of Anglo Saxon origin and is only in a handful of words as a part of the ough grapheme PH is only used in words of Greek origin and can be in any position

coat kettle deck catch sneak pick Which /k/ spelling do we use when we hear /k/ in a word? Discovery c, k, ck We use the letter k for /k/ before letter e, I and y, after low vowel, diphthong or vowel team or when it is part of VCe pattern coat kettle deck catch sneak pick We use the letter c for /k/before letter a, o and u We the letters ck for /k/ after an accented short vowel

kayak koala kangaroo flak /k/- c, k, ck Why don’t these words follow the rule? kayak koala kangaroo flak

nice cent sorry sat /s/ S or C Which /s/ spelling do we use when we hear /s/ in a word? /s/ S or C nice cent sorry sat /s/ when followed by e, I or y is spelled with a C /s/ when followed by a, o, or u is spelled with a S

French Cello Ciao /s/ S or C Words that use the C to represent the /s/ sound come from what language of origin? French Why don’t these words follow the rule? Cello Ciao

gent joke gym job /j/ J or G Which /j/ spelling do we use when we hear /j/ in a word? /j/ J or G gent joke gym job /j/ when followed by e, I or y is spelled with a G /j/ when followed by a, o, or u is spelled with a J

/s/ S or C Words that use the G to represent the /j/ sound come from what language of origin? French

finger mink angst hunk angle Which /ng/ spelling do we use when we hear /ng/ in a word? /ng/ N or NG finger mink angst hunk angle /ng/ before a /k/ or /g/ sounds is spelled with an N /ng/ when alone at the end of a word is spelled with NG

launch catch pitch starch munch Which /ch/ spelling do we use when we hear /ch/ in a word? /ch/ CH or TCH launch catch pitch starch munch We use tch at the end of an accented short vowel Ch occurs after a long vowel, diphthongs or consonants

much such rich which /ch/ CH or TCH Why don’t these words follow the rule? much such rich which

know, not, reign, gnat /n/ N, KN, or GN Which /n/ spelling do we use when we hear /n/ in a word? /n/ N, KN, or GN know, not, reign, gnat We use N to spell the /n/ sound most of the time. We use KN at the beginning of some anglo saxon words We use GN at the beginning or end of some anglo saxon words

got, ghost, fatigue /g/ G, GH, GUE Which /g/ spelling do we use when we hear /g/ in a word? /g/ G, GH, GUE got, ghost, fatigue We use G to spell the /g/ sound most of the time. We use GH at the beginning of some Anglo Saxon words We use GUE at the end of French-derived words

just, fudge, village /j/ J, DGE, GE Which /j/ spelling do we use when we hear /j/ in a word? /j/ J, DGE, GE just, fudge, village We use J to spell the /j/ sound at the beginning of words. J can never be used at the end of a word. We use DGE at the end of words after an accented short vowel. We use GE after long vowels, diphthongs, unaccented vowels (schwa), or other consonants.

quick, Iraq When is Q /kw/ or /k/ When does q say /kw/ or /k/ ? We use QU to say /kw/ in all English Words We use Q in all foreign words.

We spell by position of a phoneme- Vowels

English words cannot end with … ai ay oi oy au aw ou ow eu ew y ue I u

Long Vowels: ALL Open syllables are spelling with … a, e, i, o, u

Long Vowels: ALL R- Controlled vowels are spelling with … a, e, i, o, u

Vowels: Optional Medial Position Long Vowel Spelling ee ea igh oa

Very uncommon spellings ei ie ey eigh oe eu ui augh