Cloud Trends and Anomalies Observed by MISR

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Presentation transcript:

Cloud Trends and Anomalies Observed by MISR R. Davies Physics Department The University of Auckland, New Zealand 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

MISR: Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer 9 view angles at Earth surface: 70.5º, 60º, 45.6º, 26.1º forward/ aftward and 0º Multiple spectral bands at each angle: MISR/Terra: 446, 558, 672, 866 nm 400-km swath: 9-day global coverage 275 m - 1.1 km sampling 7 minutes to observe each scene at all 9 angles 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

MISR : observation concept 9 view angles at Earth surface: +70.5º to –70.5º stereo match to get Reflecting Layer Reference Altitude (RLRA) every 2.2 km (90% coverage) 10-day area-weighted zonal averages of mean RLRA (>100 independent samples) similarly, coverage by height independent of radiometric calibration consistent processing since 3/2000 Terra: 10:30 am sun-synchronous 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

first: seasonal cycles globally averaged cloud fraction 10-day means (≈130 independent orbits) area weighted zonal averages avoids overweighting of polar latitudes by Terra stratified by height surface (≈clear) low (<3 km) middle (3–7 km) high (> 7 km) 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

i.e. global mean cloud fraction > 0.638 at 10:30 am 0.362±0.001 i.e. global mean cloud fraction > 0.638 at 10:30 am 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

0.321±0.001 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

0.1545±0.0004 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

0.161±0.001 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

second: global cloud anomalies deseasonalized 10-day anomalies mean year anomaly with expected sampling error linear regression 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

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third: global implications how do cloud albedos change? what about cloud heights? 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

MISR : observation concept 9 view angles at Earth surface: +70.5º to –70.5º multiple spectral bands at each angle: 446, 558, 672, 866 nm on-board calibration system: ≈1% relative accuracy ‘expansive’ albedo integrated over the view from 30 km, averaged over swath width (300 km) energy-weighted, area-weighted, 10-day zonal averages (>100 independent samples) consistent (reprocessed) data from 5/2000 (discontinuously) to present Terra: 10:30 am sun-synchronous 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

green band albedo 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

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spectral albedo summary all MISR bands show similar anomalies regional anomalies are consistently larger sampling uncertainty (1s) 0.003 (10-day, global) 0.0004 (12-month, global) interannual albedo changes <0.001 (0.3%) overall difference 2005–2000 <0.2% <0.3 W m-2 (equivalent broadband absorption) well within the expected radiometric uncertainty 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

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thru 8/05 global ‘trend’ –11±2 m/yr 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

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height and fraction summary MISR has the ability to produce consistent records of reflecting layer reference altitude and coverage by height interannual differences sampling error of ±11 m in height, ±0.002 in coverage difference of –44 ±11 m between first and last full year consistent with a reduction in tropical high cloud (ITCZ) –70 ±12 m/yr these differences exceed the sampling uncertainty unlike the albedo time series, the height differences are unaffected by radiometric calibration 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

global ‘trend’ –5±3 m/yr thru 5/06 preliminary 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

wrap up: MISR 2000-2006 can characterize the seasonal variability of cloud fraction (+height and albedo) can limit the secular trend to less than ≈0.001/yr in global total cloud fraction interannual variability in global total cloud fraction ≈0.001 larger relative changes in high cloud amount, with measurable interannual changes in mean cloud top height ≈10m globally, ≈100 m in tropics effective height change > albedo change (radiative forcing) 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

Cloud reconstruction Obtaining cloud top height and cloud position (Xg,Yg) Distance between a features seen with 2 cameras: ∆D (Xc,Yc) D CTH 2) Cloud top height calculation: CTH = ∆D / [tan (2 -1)] 3) Parallax correction : Xc = Xg + CTH * tan() * sin (  ) Yc = Yg + CTH * tan() * cos (  ) 7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop

7/7/06 GEWEX Cloud Workshop