Introduction to Solar Distillation of Water

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Solar Distillation of Water Fritz R. Fiedler

Basic Configuration

Computations Mass Balance: water Energy Balance: heat Control Volume concept

Mass Balance: Variables QC QI QO

Mass Balance control volume: still boundary time period: 1 day inflow (M) = outflow (M) QI(M/T)*t(T) = QO(M/T)*t(T) + QC(M/T)*t(T) QI(kg/d)*t(d) = QO(kg/d)*t(d) + QC(kg/d)*t(d) for “batch” type still, QO = 0 1 L ÷ (1000 L/m3) * (1000 kg/m3) = 1 kg other losses??

Heat Balance Complicated! Must account for reflected, absorbed, transmitted radiation as a function of material types The effective energy, QE, is the amount that goes directly into obtaining some mass of purified water, ME ME(kg/m2•d)=QE(Joules/m2•d)/L(Joules/kg)

Latent Heat of Vaporization energy required to change the state of water from liquid to vapor (overcome forces of molecular attraction) at 100°C, L = 2.26x106 Joules/kg at 0°C, L = 2.5x106 Joules/kg

Still Efficiency Let QT be total incoming solar radiation efficiency = h = QE / QT Where will we obtain QE? Where will we obtain QT?

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Radiation Data Units of watts/m2 15 minute averages 1 watt•s = 1 Joule 1 watt•15 min = 900 Joules so to get total Joules/day, sum 15 minute averages, multiply by number of 15 minute intervals per day (96), multiply by 900 sec per 15 minutes

Climate Variability How representative are the data collected at the UI Plant Science Farm climate station of conditions on the roof of BEL? http://birice.vaisala.com/iceweb/usa/iu/native/ user name: iu password: moscow data from climate stations set up to monitor road conditions: Paradise Ridge, Snow Road, Reisenauer Hill

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Data? What data are required to perform mass balance (and estimate losses)? What data are required to determine still efficiency? Develop a measurement and data collection plan!