Date of download: 10/19/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Anterior Shear Displacement Rate on the Structural Properties of the Porcine Cervical Spine J Biomech Eng. 2010;132(9):091004-091004-6. doi:10.1115/1.4001885 Figure Legend: X-ray of a C5-C6 functional spinal unit. Left and right facet angles are denoted by θL and θR, respectively.

Date of download: 10/19/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Anterior Shear Displacement Rate on the Structural Properties of the Porcine Cervical Spine J Biomech Eng. 2010;132(9):091004-091004-6. doi:10.1115/1.4001885 Figure Legend: Materials testing system. Anterior shear is produced by the linear actuators moving outward.

Date of download: 10/19/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Anterior Shear Displacement Rate on the Structural Properties of the Porcine Cervical Spine J Biomech Eng. 2010;132(9):091004-091004-6. doi:10.1115/1.4001885 Figure Legend: An example of a force-displacement curve for a typical specimen during the acute failure test (C5-C6, tested at 4 mm/s). Note that average anterior shear stiffness was calculated by taking the slope of a line drawn from the force at zero displacement to the ultimate force and energy to failure was the area beneath the force-displacement curve up to the ultimate load.

Date of download: 10/19/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Anterior Shear Displacement Rate on the Structural Properties of the Porcine Cervical Spine J Biomech Eng. 2010;132(9):091004-091004-6. doi:10.1115/1.4001885 Figure Legend: Mean load rate (with standard deviation bars). Asterisks ( ∗) denotes significant differences between the displacement rates.

Date of download: 10/19/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Anterior Shear Displacement Rate on the Structural Properties of the Porcine Cervical Spine J Biomech Eng. 2010;132(9):091004-091004-6. doi:10.1115/1.4001885 Figure Legend: Mean ultimate anterior shear load (with standard deviation bars) at three displacement rates. Asterisks ( ∗) denote significant differences between the loading rates for the C5-C6 specimens.

Date of download: 10/19/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Anterior Shear Displacement Rate on the Structural Properties of the Porcine Cervical Spine J Biomech Eng. 2010;132(9):091004-091004-6. doi:10.1115/1.4001885 Figure Legend: Sagittal X-ray of a C3-C4 FSU (left) failed at 16 mm/s displacement rate and photograph of the C3 vertebrae from the same FSU with the inferior facets facing up (right). Note the bilateral pars interarticularis fracture and inferior endplate damage of the superior vertebrae.