Rule #1 The Comma in a Series A “series” is a list of 3 or more items, the two of which are joined by and, or, or nor. Cups, jars, and plates Cups.

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Presentation transcript:

Rule #1 The Comma in a Series A “series” is a list of 3 or more items, the two of which are joined by and, or, or nor. Cups, jars, and plates Cups of sugar, jars of honey, and plates of spaghetti

Rule #2 The Comma in a Compound Sentence Use a comma before a conjunction to join two independent clauses. Compound Sentence= 2 independent clauses. We can go to the zoo, or we can go to the movies.

Rule #3 The Comma to Separate a Dependent Clause from an Independent Clause Dependent Clause- Incomplete thought Independent Clause-Complete thought Without food, the animals will starve.

Rule #4 Appositive An appositive is a noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. The appositive can be a short or long combination of words. Mr. Sullivan, Mrs. Sullivan’s husband, loves basketball.

Rule #5 Commas in Quotations Use a comma to separate a quotation from the rest of the sentence. “We need to buy more sugar,” she said, “before it runs out!”

Rule #6 Commas with Introductory Elements Well, I hope the problem will be fixed soon!

Rule #7 Commas in Geographical Names Use a comma to separate the name of a city from the name of a state or country. Use a comma after the name of the state or country in the middle of the sentence. I went to Paris, France, for the summer.

Rule #8 Comma in Dates Use a comma to separate the day of the week, the day of the month, and the year. Today is Monday, April 2, 2033. April 2, 2033, is a day of the future.

Rule #9 Commas to Separate Adjectives Use commas to separate two or more adjectives that describe the same noun when the word “and” can be inserted between them. Jessica is a strong, beautiful female. Jessica is a strong “and” beautiful female.

Will you, Ray, go to the movies? Yes, Cindy, I will. Rule #10 Commas before or surrounding the name of title of a person directly addressed

(such as however, moreover, finally, therefore, of course, by the way, on the other hand, I am sure, I think). I would, therefore, like a response. I will be happy, however, to volunteer my time. Rule #11 Comma surrounding expressions when they are used as interrupters

The Comma Story