OGC Standards for Geoscience - Geoinformatics 2008 - George Percivall Chief Architect, OGC gpercivall@opengeospatial.org Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

OGC Alliance Partnerships A Critical Resource for Advancing Standards World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) COMCARE Digital Geospatial Information Working Group (DGIWG) Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association (GSDI) International Organization for Standards (ISO) OASIS Object Management Group (OMG) Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Web3D Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI) IEEE GRSS IEEE Technical Committee 9 (Sensor Web) National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) Taxonomic Data Working Group (TDWG) Others Geospatial interoperability is our mission and our expertise. OGC has alliances with other major standards and professional organizations to assure that geospatial interoperability is consistently addressed across the broader IT community. There is a growing body of internet standards that employ OGC standards (such as OGC Geography Markup Language) to consistently define and address “location” across the internet and wireless. Copyright © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

OGC Standards support of the Geoscience OGC standards were developed to support requirements of the Geosciences, e.g., atmosphere, biogeo, climate, cryosphere, geology, geodesy, hydrology, oceans. OGC Implementations in GeoSciences Geo-interface for Atmosphere, Land, Earth, and Ocean netCDF (GALEON) Interoperability Experiment Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) in several OWS Testbeds Oceans Science Interoperability Experiment GEO Architecture Implementation OGC Geography Markup Language (GML) Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

Interoperability as a science Interoperability is not just about data, technology or best practices… it’s about the intellectual perspectives each group or individual brings to any project, and how we frame our cognitive needs and expressions We suggest that the science of interoperability requires integrative study of these fields of inquiry: Georeferencing, having a well defined spatio-temporal reference system Semantics and ontologies , including harmonizing or mediating domain data & dynamic models, metadata, and means of accessing datasets efficiently Human cognition and interaction in a digital environment – filtering and understanding one’s choices amidst over-abundant and noisy information High performance computing, enabling real-time modeling & analysis and semantics mediation These research areas are all being studied in considerable depth, but not often taken together for cross-disciplinary synergy The “Four Pillars” of interop science: Geodesy– studies have shown that at least 80% of information in databases has a location aspect. Location is an application-neutral way of indexing information. Achieving a consistent approach for representing location is immensely important for making scientific data interoperable. Semantics & ontologies– we will never finish the Tower of Babel. We need to develop tools for mediating between information communities, and accept the need to use them. HPC– just being able to run bigger programs faster is useful. But if we can use high computing power to achieve semantic mediation of the terabytes/petabytes a day in real time, then we will enable a step change in our ability to understand and communicate with each other. Cognition-Interaction– this is not just about GUI design. Studies have shown that the manner in which data is presented has a lot to do with the user’s ability to understand the information and to realize their choices. This is very important if we’re to solve the problems just mentioned. I’m not trying to push the envelope on the research agenda of these individual topics, they’re each getting a lot of attention from very smart people. I want to push the envelope on the integration of all these topics in a single project.

Geospatial Interoperability from sensing to decision support OGC Web Services SWE GPW GDS Measurements Observations Features Recommendations SWE = Sensor Web Enablement GPW = Geo-Processing Workflow GDS = Geospatial Decision-support Services

Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

OGC SWE Functions Discovery of sensors, observations and processes Determination of sensor’s capabilities and observation’s reliability Access to parameters and processes that allow on-demand processing of observations Retrieval of real-time or time-series observations in standard encodings Tasking of sensors and simulators to acquire observations of interest Subscription to and publishing of alerts based on sensor or simulation observations Quickly discover sensors and sensor data (secure or public) that can meet my needs – location, observables, quality, ability to task

SWE Standards and Specifications Information Models and Schema Sensor Model Language (SensorML) – sensor descriptions, georegistration, response models, post measurement processing Observations and Measurements (O&M) – Core models and schema for observations TransducerML – adds system integration and real-time streaming clusters of observations Service Models Sensor Observation Service - Access Observations for a sensor or sensor constellation, and optionally, the associated sensor and platform data Sensor Alert Service – Subscribe to alerts based upon sensor observations Sensor Planning Service – Request collection feasibility and task sensor system for desired observations Web Notification Service –Manage message dialogue between client and Web service(s) for long duration (asynchronous) processes Sensor Registries – Discover sensors and sensor observations As previously mentioned the two main concepts that enable a sensor web are… Built upon OGC, Web and Internet standards

Web Processing Service (WPS) WPS-client Communication over the web using HTTP GetCapabilities WPS DescribeProcess Execute Algorithms Repository Data Handler Repository … … … … Algorithm 1 Data Handler A Web Processing Service

GPW Thread Enterprise Viewpoint – Grid-Enabled Grid Infrastructure to support: Virtualizations SLA Management Optimization Framework Security Framework Monitoring & Analytics Resource Management Execution Management Low variability Sensors Grid Infrastructure Wf Engine (BPEL) Wf Engine (RESTful API) Grid-Enabled OGC Web Services OGC Web Services: Locally managed Locally customized Highly variable Clients OGC Web Services CS/W CS/W 10

GPW - WPS Profiles Conflation Service – implement a WPS profile service to fully support GML 3.2.1 encoded data including use of external “rules” registry Continue enhancement of “new” services as WPS profiles WPS Grid Profile 11

Geography Markup Language GML Encoding Specification XML grammar for encoding geographic information Includes features, coordinate reference systems, geometry, topology, time, units of measure. etc. Consistent with ISO 19100 series of standards. GML is also known as ISO 19136 Profiles of GML – enable simpler clients & servers GML Point Profile GeoRSS Simple Features Profile of GML CityGML GML in JPEG 2000 for Geographic Imagery Encoding Numerous GML Application Schemas

GML Application Schemas

GPW - Schema Development & ShapeChange Deliverables Components/Tools Enhance ShapeChange for full support of 3D and topology GML Validation Tool using Schematron constraints Enhance ShapeChange to create XSLT scripts to support SLD rules OWS-5 Application Schema Processing: Flow of Modeling Information Application Schemas & Reports GML Application Schema for Urban MSD GML Application Schema Processing ER 14

GDS Fundamental Concept Decision maker at a single workstation, identifies resources anywhere, accesses the resources, brings into operational context, and integrates with other resources to support decision process GDS Client Decision Maker/ Analyst GeoDSS tools allow the decision maker to navigate this heterogeneous environment with minimal distraction from the issue at hand. Goals Exchange and access geoinfo within and across info communities Tailor geoinfo for different communities Build an integrated client that can assist in emergency response scenarios Specify and build GeoVideo service and XML schemas for moving objects Specify and implement a Feature Portrayal Service and example Symbology Encoding documents (for EMS and Mil-STD-2525B) Access to WMS, WFS, WCS, CS/W, SOS, SPS, Workflow, Context Feature & Coverage Portrayal in a multi-lingual, distributed services environment

Oceans Interoperability Experiment (Advancing OGC Best Practices for the Ocean Science Community) Oceans Science IE – goals of this Interoperability Experiment include: Develop Best Practices for use of Sensor Observation Service (SOS) and Web Feature Service (WFS) for the Oceans Science Community Conduct testing of these standards to determine their capacity to address Oceans business cases. Provide feedback to the OGC process regarding strengths and issues with OGC standards Develop Best Practices report for release to the Oceans Community Target date for submitting document to the OGC for discussion February 2008. Copyright © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

Ocean Science Interoperability Experiment Engages members of the Ocean-Observing community to advance their understanding and application of various OGC specifications, solidify demonstrations for Ocean Science application areas, harden software implementations, and produce candidate OGC Best Practices documents that can be used to inform the broader ocean-observing community. Engages the OGC membership to assure that any recommendations from the OCEANS IE will properly leverage the OGC specifications. May prompt Change Requests to the OGC Technical Committee to influence the underlying specifications. Focus is on implementing, testing and documentation of experiences with existing specifications. http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/initiatives/oceansie As of 22 August 2007, the OGC members that are acting as initiators of the Interoperability Experiment are: Southeastern Universities Research Association (SURA) Texas A&M University – Academy for Advanced Telecommunications (TAMU) National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System (GoMOOS) Other participants and observers include: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Columbia University-CIESIN Mississippi State Geosciences Australia University of Florence ArgonST University of the Bundeswehr - AGI Applied Science Associates (ASA University of California, San Diego Supercomputer Center Others… Copyright © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

Geo-interface for Atmosphere, Land, Earth, and Ocean netCDF (GALEON) Interoperability Experiment GALEON activity is focused on open access to atmospheric and oceanographic modeling and simulation outputs. There are over 30 organizations (members and non-members) collaborating in this activity. Use standard interfaces to foster interoperability between data systems used by the traditional GIS community and those in community known as the fluid Earth systems (FES, mainly oceanography and atmospheric science). 2d, or 3d, or 4d The following is the jet stream rendered as a "solid" time-varying object in 3 spatial dimensions, communicated as a netCDF encoding, accessed via the OGC Web Coverage Service and rendered at the client. The Climate community sees the jet stream composite animation as 5D – space (x,y,z), time and fluid dynamics are all represented in this animation. Copyright © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

OGC Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) The OGC Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) is a revolution in the discovery, assessment and control of live data sources and archived sensor data. In much the same way that HTTP standards enables exchange of any type of information on the Web, the SWE standards enables discovery, exchange, and processing of sensor observations, as well as the tasking of sensor systems. SWE standards have been implemented with sensors ranging from in-situ point sensors and ground-based radar to imaging sensors on UAVs and orbiting satellites. Recent results include an application to fires in South California and to a hurricane on the East coast of the US. Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

GEOSS A Global, Coordinated, Comprehensive and Sustained System of Earth Observing Systems GEOSS is a global distributed system, including satellite observation systems, Global in situ networks and systems, And local and regional in situ networks. GEOSS will deliver the benefits of EO to both data & information providers and consumers world wide. Address the need for timely, quality, long-term, global information as a basis for sound decision making.

Engineering Viewpoint Architecture Client Tier GEO Portal Community Portals GEO Web Site Client Applications Business Process Tier GEOSS Registries GEOSS Clearinghouse Portrayal Services Workflow Management Components Services Standards Community Catalogues Processing Services Other Services Requirements Access Tier GEONETCast Data Access Services Sensor Access Services Model Access Services Other Services

GEOSS AIP Application Areas Phase 1 – 2007 – demonstrate concept Fires Volcanos Biod Etc. Phase 2 – 2008-9 – persistent exemplars Natural Disasters Health – Air Quality Energy – Solar Biodiversity Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.