Lecture 22 WEB: Go to pollev.com/ucibio TEXT: Text UCIBIO to 37607 After joining session, text your question
Lecture 22 objectives Understand hormonal regulation of fatty acid mobilization Understand how fats provide energy to the brain Understand differences and similarities between starvation and diabetes Describe the reactions of fatty acid synthesis Compare FAS and b-oxidation Understand the regulation of fatty acid metabolism
Hormonal regulation
The brain problem… Most energy stored as fatty acids Brain only uses Glc Fatty acids Glc?
The TCA
The brain problem… Most energy stored as fatty acids Brain only uses Glc Fatty acids Glc? How does brain function during starvation?
Production of ketone bodies Starvation Glycogen = 1 day Amino acids Glc. BUT… Muscles can use fatty acids ( need for Glc) Gluconeogenesis OAA, so TCA Without , liver makes “___________” from fats
Ketone bodies
Diabetes & ketone bodies Starvation __ KB Used by brain Extreme starvation Muscle breakdown No insulin _ Blood sugar, AND _ FA breakdown Too much Acetyl CoA __ Ketone bodies Brain has plenty of Glc! __ Ketone bodies in blood = __ pH __ Death
If only…
Making fatty acids = adding 2 Cs to chain!
AcCoA Malonyl CoA
ACP in FAS
FAS
FAS
Fatty acid synthesis
Substrate shuttling in FAS
Substrate shuttling in FAS
Further steps…
Further steps…
Data analysis Liraglutide is a drug that inhibits production of Glucagon. Treat normal and diabetic mice with Liraglutide and measure levels of blood glucose and ketone bodies. -Liraglutide +Liraglutide Glucagon levels Normal Diabetic -Liraglutide +Liraglutide Blood glucose Normal Diabetic -Liraglutide +Liraglutide Ketone bodies Normal Diabetic
Regulation of FAS & breakdown
Allosteric regulation of ACC