The Rise of the Middle Ages CHAPTER 13 6/2/2018 CHAPTER 13 The Rise of the Middle Ages Section 1: The Rise of the Franks Section 2: Feudalism and the Manorial System Section 3: The Church Section 4: The Struggle for Power in England and France Section 5: The Clash over Germany and Italy

The Rise of the Franks Objectives: Section 1: Describe how Frankish rulers gained control of Europe. Explain what caused the decline of Charlemagne’s empire.

The Rise of the Franks The Frankish Rulers Section 1: Middle Ages or medieval period An age of transition 500-1500 AD Most important of all German tribes were the Franks Overran and settled much of the western Roman Empire-Gaul in particular Built their own empire that lasted from about 751-843 Rivaled Rome in size

The Rise of the Franks The Frankish Rulers Section 1: Carolingians Clovis 481 First King of the Franks Carolingians Family that ruled 751-843 Stopped the Moors Held back the Viking and Magyar invaders

The Rise of the Franks The Frankish Rulers Section 1: Greatest ruler was Charlemagne (Charles the Great) (r. 768-814) Rebuilt schools Run by Irish monks Based on Roma schools Coined money Empire declined after his death Government – missi dominici Officials appointed by King to run government

The Rise of the Franks Charlemagne’s Empire Section 1: Capital Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) United Europe by defeating: Saxons Avars Lombards Created libraries across his empire

The Decline of the Frankish Empire Section 1: The Rise of the Franks The Decline of the Frankish Empire The empire after Charlemagne’s death – Louis the Pious was a weak ruler Grandsons of Charlemagne divided his empire into 3 parts in 843 with the Treaty of Verdun

The Decline of the Frankish Empire Section 1: The Rise of the Franks The Decline of the Frankish Empire About the time of Charlemagne’s death a new wave of invaders entered Europe From the north came the Vikings Used longboats to sail across the sea and up Europe’s rivers Settled Ireland, eastern England, Normandy, Sicily, and Russia

The Decline of the Frankish Empire Section 1: The Rise of the Franks The Decline of the Frankish Empire Magyars came from the east Were horsemen who settled Hungary Both groups were generally terrorists Islamic empire was also attacking from the south

Feudalism and the Manorial System Section 2: Feudalism and the Manorial System Objectives: Explore how feudalism helped shape political and social development in Europe during the Middle Ages. Identify the ways in which the manorial system influenced economic growth in Europe during the Middle Ages.

Feudalism and the Manorial System Section 2: Feudalism and the Manorial System Feudalism By mid-1000s feudalism became the way of life in Europe A response to the waves of invaders from the 800s on “Protection in return for service” Based on obligations of service Kings and nobles distributed land to vassals Vassals promised to obey their lord and serve in the lord’s army in time of war Primogeniture was the right of the oldest son to inherit everything

Feudalism and the Manorial System Section 2: Feudalism and the Manorial System Feudalism Lord Managed the people beneath him Vassal Loyal to Lord Received land from the Lord Fief

Feudalism and the Manorial System Section 2: Feudalism and the Manorial System Feudalism Serf Worked the land Loyal to the Lord

Feudalism and the Manorial System Section 2: Feudalism and the Manorial System The Manorial System Basic economic system was called the manor Large, self-sufficient agricultural estate About 5-10 square miles Peasants/serfs worked the manor which was owned by the lord Spent their entire life on the manor The definition of manorialism is the system by which the Lord of the Manor exploited the serfs or tenants who worked his estate, or fief.

Feudalism and the Manorial System Section 2: Feudalism and the Manorial System The Manorial System Manorialism extended the concept of the feudal fief, or fiefdom, as a principal land owner, or lord of a Manor. The Manor House was the main dwelling on the Lord of the Manor's estate.

The Church Objectives: Section 3: Describe how the church hierarchy fit into society. Explain how the practices of monasticism changed. Explore how the church influenced life in medieval Europe.

The Church The Church Hierarchy Section 3: Church was the center of life in the middle ages Church was organized into a hierarchy Parish priest at the bottom with the Pope at the top Church saw to the spiritual needs of people Played a role in all aspects of life – financial, military, political, and social

The Church The Church Hierarchy Section 3: The parish priest held lowest rank, but still important The bishop managed the diocese Church leadership archbishop managed the archdiocese Cardinals advised the Pope Church had as much power as kings Biggest problem faced by the Church was heresy (beliefs that conflict with widely held beliefs)

The Church Monasticism Section 3: Monastic lifestyles monks and nuns withdrew from the world to serve God Served to preserve much learning of the Greeks and Romans Also served to explore new agricultural techniques The Benedictine Rule rules to govern monks’ lives Developed in 7th century for spiritual growth

The Church and Medieval Life Section 3: The Church The Church and Medieval Life Political role – pope was political and religious leader Economic and social role – some monasteries were involved in trade

The Church and Medieval Life CHAPTER 13 6/2/2018 Section 3: The Church The Church and Medieval Life Problems of the church Lay investiture Emperors and kings claimed the right to appoint church officials in their lands Simony Purchasing your position in the Church

Objectives: The Struggle for Power in England and France Section 4: Explain how the kingdom of England was formed. Identify the achievements of William the Conqueror and his successors. Describe how Parliament and common law affected political developments in England. Explore how the French kings gained power over their nobles.

Anglo-Saxon and Norman England Section 4: The Struggle for Power in England and France Anglo-Saxon and Norman England Anglo-Saxon England – named for two Germanic tribes First area to be hit by Viking invasions Known as Danes

Anglo-Saxon and Norman England Section 4: The Struggle for Power in England and France Anglo-Saxon and Norman England Alfred the Great – determined to drive the Danes out 871-899 Defend England against the Danes

Anglo-Saxon and Norman England Section 4: The Struggle for Power in England and France Anglo-Saxon and Norman England Duke of Normandy William the Conqueror Seized English throne in 1066 Known as the Norman Conquest Imposed feudalism on England

The Conqueror and His Successors Section 4: The Struggle for Power in England and France The Conqueror and His Successors Reforms under William’s successors – strong, efficient, well-financed government King John and Magna Carta (1215) Stated the king had to obey the law Outlined the rights of the nobles

Parliament and Common Law Section 4: The Struggle for Power in England and France Parliament and Common Law Parliament – nobles and clergy made up House of Lords, knights and burgesses made up House of Commons Common law – collection of decisions that were applied equally and in common

Rise of the Capetian Kings in France Section 4: The Struggle for Power in England and France Rise of the Capetian Kings in France Founder of dynasty was Hugh Capet Began rule in 987 The growth of royal territory Strengthening the central government

The Clash over Germany and Italy Section 5: The Clash over Germany and Italy Objectives: Describe how the Holy Roman emperors used their power. Explain how the struggle between the popes and emperors developed.

The Clash over Germany and Italy Section 5: The Clash over Germany and Italy The Holy Roman Empire People in western Europe accepted the Pope as the spiritual authority Conflicts arose over the role he played in world affairs Greatest challenge to the power of the Pope came from the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire Not Holy, Roman, or an Empire

The Clash over Germany and Italy Section 5: The Clash over Germany and Italy The Holy Roman Empire Political Confederation Emperor was “elected” Population was ethnically diverse – contained several states Supported the Catholic Church After 1438, the Empire was controlled by the Hapsburg family (until 1918)

The Clash over Germany and Italy Section 5: The Clash over Germany and Italy The Holy Roman Empire Otto I – worked to develop a strong kingdom in Germany Ruled 936 Became Emperor of Romans in 962 Fought Roman nobles for Pope to gain control of Northern Italy

The Clash over Germany and Italy Section 5: The Clash over Germany and Italy The Holy Roman Empire Henry III – viewed the church as a branch of the imperial government r. 1046-1056 Thought Church should support the Empire 5 year old son came to the throne in 1056

The Clash over Germany and Italy Section 5: The Clash over Germany and Italy The Holy Roman Empire Henry IV Emperor in 1056 Clashed with Pope Gregory VII over lay investiture Pope excommunicated Henry Henry begged forgiveness at Canossa in 1077 Concordat of Worms – 1122 Settled issue Limited emperor’s power over the Church

Struggles between the Papacy and European Rulers Section 5: The Clash over Germany and Italy Struggles between the Papacy and European Rulers Frederick Barbarossa (I) – 1152 to 1190 Tried to conquer Lombardy (n. Italy) Pope formed the Lombard League to fight him Was later recognized as ruler of n. Italy

The Clash over Germany and Italy Section 5: The Clash over Germany and Italy The Holy Roman Empire Innocent III Pope 1198-1216 Strengthened the Church Involved in all disputes in Europe Excommunicated King of England Placed France under Interdict Empire never politically unified – failed!