Warmup 11/3-4/16 Objective Tonight’s Homework How would you explain genetics (so far) to a 5th grader? Objective Tonight’s Homework To see how genotype and phenotype apply pp 127: 2, 5 Finish the “odds” for your kid

Making a Kid Using Genetics In this activity, you’ll be pairing up with a friend and combining traits to make a kid. One of you will be “mom” and the other will be “dad”. Choose however you want.   Each of you is going to choose what your genes are. Then, you’ll randomly combine them to see what kind of kid they make. Afterwards, you’ll use what you know about genetics to explain the odds. To start, get out a piece of paper and tear it in half. One half goes to mom, the other to dad. As mom and dad, you and your partner need to go through the list on the next slide and pick 1 choice from each of the options presented.

Making a Kid Using Genetics COLORBLINDNESS (sex-linked) Colorblindness in some form affects about 10% of all men. It’s much rarer in women. Mom: pick one of the following groups: Dad: pick one of the following groups: XG XG XG Xg Xg Xg Not colorblind colorblind XG Y Xg Y Not colorblind colorblind

Making a Kid Using Genetics BALDNESS (sex-linked) This affects men much more than women and is sometimes called “male pattern baldness”. Mom: pick one of the following groups: Dad: pick one of the following groups: XB XB XB Xb Xb Xb Not balding balding XB Y Xb Y Not balding balding

Making a Kid Using Genetics BLOOD TYPE (Multiple alleles) Each of you pick one of the following groups: IA IB IA i IB i i i Type AB Type A Type B Type O

Making a Kid Using Genetics HAIR COLOR (Multiple alleles) Each of you pick one of the following groups: HBR HBR HBR hbl HBR HBL hbl hbl HBR hr brown Lt. brown Dk. brown blonde copper HBL hbl HBL HBL hbl hr HBL hr hr hr Dk. blonde black strawberry auburn red

Making a Kid Using Genetics HEIGHT (multiple gene interaction) Each picks a mix of capital and lowercase letters for “AABBCC”. The more capital letters, the taller your kid. The more lowercase, the shorter. Ex: aabbcc = pretty much a midget AaBbCc or AABbcc or AAbBcc, etc = average AABBCC = basketball superstar SKIN COLOR (multiple gene interaction) Each picks a mix of capital and lowercase letters for “XXYYZZ”. The more capital letters, the darker your kid. The more lowercase, the lighter. Ex: xxyyzz = super white. Like Sweden or Ireland XxYyZz or XXYyzz or XXyYzz, etc = brown-skinned XXYYZZ = very dark black skin

Making a Kid Using Genetics EYE COLOR (multiple gene interaction) Each pick one of the following groups: AA BB AA Bb Aa BB Aa Bb aa BB aa Bb brown hazel AA bb Aa bb aa bb green blue

Making a Kid Using Genetics (incomplete dominance) Each parent, pick one from each of the following groups: Eyebrows E E E e e e separate slight merge unibrow Face Shape F F F f f f square oval round Hair Type H H H h h h straight wavy curly

Making a Kid Using Genetics (incomplete dominance) Each parent, pick one from each of the following groups: Mouth Size M M M m m m Large Medium Small Nose Size / Ear Size A A A a a a Body Shape B B B b b b Skinny Normal Big Boned

Making a Kid Using Genetics (dominant-recessive) Each parent, pick one from each of the following groups: Max Hair Length L L L l l l Unlimited Shoulder blades Vision V V V v v v Good Need Glasses Body Hair R R R r r r Hairy Normal Hairless

Making a Kid Using Genetics Now you’re ready to put together your genes to make a kid. To start, the dad is going to flip the coin. If it comes up heads, it’s a boy. If it comes up tails, it’s a girl. (Sorry moms, your genes don’t determine gender.) Next, get another piece of paper. Make 5 columns. One called “trait”, one called “mom”, one called “dad”, one called “kid”, and one called “odds”. In the “trait” column, write down the name of each of the genes we just went over.

Making a Kid Using Genetics You should now have this: Trait Colorblind Baldness Blood Type Hair Color Height Skin Color Eye Color Eyebrows Face Shape Hair Type Mouth Size Nose / Ear Body Shape …… Mom Dad Kid Odds

Making a Kid Using Genetics You’re going to go through each trait. For each one, mom and dad have to flip coins. If your coin flip comes up positive, you pick the first of your 2 letters to add to the kid. If it comes up tails, you add the second letter. Example: Eye color Mom has Aa bB – brown eyes Dad has aa bb – blue eyes Mom’s flip comes up heads, so she uses A Mom flips again and gets heads again, so she uses b Dad’s flip comes up tails, so he uses a Dad’s second flip comes up heads, so he uses b Combine these for the kid to get – Aa bb – green eyes

Making a Kid Using Genetics On the sex-linked ones, dad doesn’t flip a coin. If they have a girl, he uses just his “X” gene. If they have a boy, he just uses his “Y” gene. For height and skin color, you’ll flip like normal for A, B, and C, and X, Y, and Z and then just put them all together. Ex: Mom = AABbCc Dad = aaBBCC Mom flips: heads (A), tails (b), and tails (c) Dad flips: tails(a), tails (B), heads (C) So the kid will be: AaBbCc

Making a Kid Using Genetics When you’re done getting all the way through your list, you need to name your kid, do a drawing of them on the back of your paper, and put your names on it. Your homework is going to be filling in the “odds” column. Mom Dad Kid Odds Ex: IA IB IB i IB IB 25% To get the odds, make a punnet square and tell me the chance of getting what you got. Make sure to turn in your work as well, so Mr. C. can check! IA IB IA IB IB IB i IA i IB i

Exit Question If you mix dominant and recessive genes, which wins? a) The recessive one b) The dominant one c) They mix evenly d) It depends on what kind of gene it is