You need a whiteboard, expo marker, and a wiping tissue.

1. _______________ is defined as change in a gene pool over time. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

1. evolution is defined as change over time. adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck

2. _______________ contributed more to our understanding of evolution than anyone else. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

2. Darwin contributed more to our understanding of evolution than anyone else. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

3. _______________is selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

3. artificial selection is selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

4. _______________ is the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

4. fitness is the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

5. An _______________ is any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

5. An adaptation is any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

6. Individuals with characteristics that are not well suited to their environment die. Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. Darwin called this process _______________. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

6. Individuals with characteristics that are not well suited to their environment die. Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. Darwin called this process natural selection. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

7. _______________ is a principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

7. descent with modification is a principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

8. According to the principle of _______________, all species – living and extinct – were derived from common ancestors. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

8. According to the principle of common descent, all species – living and extinct – were derived from common ancestors. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

9. A scientist is examining a fossilized insect that may be an ancestor of modern dragonflies. Which of the following should the scientist compare to best determine how closely related the fossilized insect is to modern dragonflies? A. their diets B. their habitats C. their predators D. their anatomies

9. A scientist is examining a fossilized insect that may be an ancestor of modern dragonflies. Which of the following should the scientist compare to best determine how closely related the fossilized insect is to modern dragonflies? A. their diets B. their habitats C. their predators D. their anatomies

10. A population of tortoises inhabits an island filled with small shrubby bushes and vegetation that is located off of the ground. Within the population of tortoises are individuals with short, medium, and long necks. Which of the individuals will leave behind the most offspring?

10. A population of tortoises inhabits an island filled with small shrubby bushes and vegetation that is located off of the ground. Within the population of tortoises are individuals with short, medium, and long necks. Which of the individuals will leave behind the most offspring? Long necks

11. A type of antibiotic is used to fight an nasty sinus infection 11. A type of antibiotic is used to fight an nasty sinus infection. The 10 day prescription kills 99% of the bacteria. The patient feels better but in a few days their infection is back from the remaining bacteria reproducing. Explain why the doctor would not prescribe the same antibiotic.

11. A type of antibiotic is used to fight an nasty sinus infection 11. A type of antibiotic is used to fight an nasty sinus infection. The 10 day prescription kills 99% of the bacteria. The patient feels better but in a few days their infection is back from the remaining bacteria reproducing. Explain why the doctor would not prescribe the same antibiotic. The 1% of bacteria that survived was immune and passed on the “immunity trait” to the new population of bacteria. (natural selection)

12 - 15. true or false Natural selection will occur more quickly when resources are limited 13. Natural selection will occur more quickly when populations reproduce slowly 14. Natural selection will occur more quickly when competition is minimal 15. Natural selection will occur more quickly when populations have many genetic variations True False False False

16. Imagine that a small island holds a population of lizards that are all the same (have the same traits). Now imagine a strong storm sweeps some of the island lizards over to the mainland. On the mainland, there are new ecosystems for the island lizards to explore. In these new ecosystems, they meet new populations of lizards (with new traits) that they can now breed with. What might happen with regards to the variation that could be created within the population of island lizards? (more, less, no change)

16. Imagine that a small island holds a population of lizards that are all the same (have the same traits). Now imagine a strong storm sweeps some of the island lizards over to the mainland. On the mainland, there are new ecosystems for the island lizards to explore. In these new ecosystems, they meet new populations of lizards (with new traits) that they can now breed with. What might happen with regards to the variation that could be created within the population of island lizards? (more, less, no change)

17. Indicate (Y/N) if the situation would cause natural selection to occur for each situation. Limited amount of food supply Decreased competition for mates Reduced material and space for shelter Increased fighting for resources

17. Indicate (Y/N) if the situation would cause natural selection to occur. Limited amount of food supply Yes Decreased competition for mates No Reduced material and space for shelter Yes Increased fighting for resources Yes

18. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment?

18. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment 18. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment? Spines protect from predators, no leaves (stores water in the plant), etc.

19. Why is inherited variation important in a species?

19. Why is inherited variation important in a species? It is essential for natural selection to result in a new species.

20. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment?

20. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment 20. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment? Smell discourages predators, coloring discourages predators

21. Explain how humans caused wolves to evolve into dogs.

21. Explain how humans caused wolves to evolve into dogs 21. Explain how humans caused wolves to evolve into dogs. People only bred wolves with traits they wanted (cuteness, tameness, etc). Over many generations wolves evolved into dogs.

22. Why are mutations important in all species?

22. Why are mutations important in all species 22. Why are mutations important in all species? Mutations are the source of new traits.

23. Explain the following graph as it relates to natural selection and evolution.

23. Explain the following graph as it relates to natural selection and evolution. Choosing only large or small fish to remove from the tank changes the gene pool, which changes the average size of the fish over time.

24. Which of the following is not evidence of a common ancestor? Vestigial Structures Same biogeography Similar embryonic structures Similar gene sequences Similar prey Homologous structures

24. Which of the following is not evidence of a common ancestor? Vestigial Structures Same biogeography Similar embryonic structures Similar gene sequences Similar prey Homologous structures

25. Which of the following can not be learned from the fossil record 25. Which of the following can not be learned from the fossil record? (3 answers) Where an organism lived The ancestors of organisms The chronological order of their existence The full range of their variations The climate in which they existed All the different species that existed Future evolution of a species

25. Which of the following can not be learned from the fossil record 25. Which of the following can not be learned from the fossil record? (3 answers) Where an organism lived The ancestors of organisms The chronological order of their existence The full range of their variations The climate in which they existed All the different species that existed Future evolution of a species

26. Name that term! What do we call the geographical distribution of a species?

26. Name that term! What do we call the geographical distribution of a species? Biogeography

27. Which of the following does not apply to Natural selection 27. Which of the following does not apply to Natural selection? (4 answers) Survival advantage Variety Survival disadvantage Competition Phenotype Over Reproduction Genotype Inherited Traits Choice traits/adaptations Sudden Change Change in Populations Change in Individuals Mutations Acquired traits

27. Which of the following does not apply to Natural selection 27. Which of the following does not apply to Natural selection? (4 answers) Survival advantage Variety Survival disadvantage Competition Phenotype Over Reproduction Genotype Inherited Traits Choice traits/adaptations Sudden Change Change in Populations Change in Individuals Mutations Acquired traits

28. Scientists at Texas A&M University have discovered how to insert a “maroon gene” into the genetic material of a Bluebonnet that causes it to grow maroon-colored. As this flower reproduces, it forms additional maroon flowers. Which evolutionary process is represented in this scenario?

28. Scientists at Texas A&M University have discovered how to insert a “maroon gene” into the genetic material of a Bluebonnet that causes it to grow maroon-colored. As this flower reproduces, it forms additional maroon flowers. Which evolutionary process is represented in this scenario? Recombination

29. According to this fossil record, which of the following organisms became extinct first?

29. According to this fossil record, which of the following organisms became extinct first?

30. In addition to having similar external appearances, the primates’ hands have similar bone structures. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the similarity of these primates’ hands? A. Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas eat the same types of foods. B. Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas are descended from a common ancestor. C. Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas were the first mammals to evolve from reptiles. D. Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas are classified as different subspecies of the same species.

30. In addition to having similar external appearances, the primates’ hands have similar bone structures. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the similarity of these primates’ hands? A. Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas eat the same types of foods. B. Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas are descended from a common ancestor. C. Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas were the first mammals to evolve from reptiles. D. Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas are classified as different subspecies of the same species.

31. Describe what happened in the scenario… The northern elephant seal population was reduced by over hunting to 20 individuals in the 1890s. Although the population had rebounded to over 30,000 individuals by 1974, 24 gene loci were found to be homozygous by genetic testing. Of the 30,000 individuals a group of them moved to a new island and by 1990 had key genetic differences from the rest.

31. Describe what happened in the scenario… The northern elephant seal population was reduced by over hunting to 20 individuals in the 1890s. Although the population had rebounded to over 30,000 individuals by 1974, 24 gene loci were found to be homozygous by genetic testing. Of the 30,000 individuals a group of them moved to a new island and by 1990 had key genetic differences from the rest. Bottleneck effect then founder effect

Extra Credit: Take Cornell notes over the video “Evidence of Evolution” by Stated Clearly Remember Test FRIDAY You should know: evolution (5 ways it happens), natural selection especially, evidence for evolution