Food and Nutrition Spring 2011 Terms & Digestion Food and Nutrition Spring 2011

The Digestive System Digestion: Process the body uses to break food into nutrients Absorption: process by which nutrients get from the digestive tract into transportation system that carries them to cells throughout the body Food is broken down in the digestive tract or Alimentary Canal

7 Parts of the Digestive Tract Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum Anus

Mouth Sight, smell and taste of food stimulate the flow of a liquid called saliva. Saliva’s job is to soften and moisten food. Swallowing is an involuntary reflex.

Esophagus The tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. Muscle contractions called peristalsis carry food along to it’s next location.

Stomach Churns and breaks down your meal and mixes it with gastric juices. The food now becomes a thin, soupy mixture called chyme

Small Intestine Digestion ends here. This tube is 20 feet long and is divided into 3 sections Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Villi: hair like projections that increase the surface of the intestinal wall The food has now been digested. It will now be absorbed by the blood stream. Wastes will pass to the large intestine and later be eliminated.

Large Intestine There are four sections: Ascending Colon – goes up Transverse Colon – goes across Descending Colon – goes down Sigmoid Colon – the “S” shaped part Its function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass useless waste material from the body.

Last Part of the Digestive System. Waste is eliminated through here. Rectum & Anus Last Part of the Digestive System. Waste is eliminated through here.

Put up the projector screen and have some students come up and write on the white board the parts of the digestive system.

Nutrition Terms RDA Dehydration Digestion Dietary Fiber Nutrients Complex Carbohydrates Fortified Foods Calorie Nutrition Enriched Foods Dietary Supplements Basal Metabolic Rate Cholesterol

The science of turning food into fuel for the body Nutrition The science of turning food into fuel for the body

Nutrients Provide materials for building and maintenance of body tissue, and regulate body processes. 6 Main Nutrients Carbohydrates Minerals Fat Vitamins Protein Water

Organic Nutrients – any substance that contains carbon Carbs – Minerals – Fat – Protein Inorganic Nutrients – any substance that does not contain carbon Vitamins - Water

Energy We get energy from 3 of the 4 organic nutrients Fats Carbohydrates Protein These Nutrients give us “fuel for our body!”

A unit of energy is called a CALORIE (kcal) A unit of energy is called a CALORIE (kcal). An egg has 85 (kcals) calories 1 gm of Carbohydrate = 4 kcal 1 gm of protein = 4 kcal 1 gm of fat = 9 kcal Calories

RDA The Recommended Dietary Allowance recommends that our diets have: 58% Carbohydrate – 30% Fat – 12% Protein

Carbohydrates Organic Nutrient Body’s main source of energy Provides fiber for digestion and elimination Best Sources: bread, cereals, chips, fruits, potatoes, rice, sweets and sugar

Proteins Organic Nutrient Body uses it to build and repair tissue Helps regulate body processes Helps make antibodies to fight disease Best Sources: Milk, Cheese, Eggs, Poultry, Fish, Meat, Nuts, and Legumes

Fats Organic Nutrient Carry fat-soluble vitamins through the body Some supply essential fatty acids for normal growth and skin health Best sources: butter, margarine, lard, vegetable oil, and vegetable shortening

Vitamins Inorganic Nutrient Each vitamin has it’s special function. They do not provide energy or build body tissue, but they help regulate these processes Best Sources: Different in all foods

Minerals Organic Nutrient Help regulate body processes Best Sources: different in all foods

Water Inorganic Nutrients Carries nutrients to the body cells and carries waste products away Helps keep the body cool Best Sources: water