Enhancing Safety at America’s Nuclear Energy Facilities U.S. Industry’s Fukushima Response Charles Pardee, Exelon Generation Joseph Pollock, Nuclear Energy Institute March 1, 2012

Key Points Fukushima reactors are stabilized—no immediate health impacts to workers or residents near the plant U.S. industry took immediate action to reconfirm safety and response capability; reassure public Industry has been focused on collecting, analyzing data to ensure proper action and adding another layer of safety at U.S. reactors The events in Japan last year have caused the U.S. Nuclear Energy industry to look even more closely at ways to ensure that safety is maintained in the face of extreme natural events. Today, we’re here to provide an update on events and clean up at Fukushima Daiichi. We’ll also be sharing important information about actions the U.S. industry has taken since those events to enhance our existing planning and procedures to ensure safety at and around our 104 nuclear energy facilities, as well as recommendations from the NRC and our response. The nuclear energy industry’s primary and constant goal is to make safe nuclear energy facilities even safer. A decades-long commitment to safety and continuous learning is reflected in the operational focus and safety culture at our facilities. Safety is the foundation of a thriving nuclear energy industry in America and globally. Base slide deck

Key Points U.S. companies are installing new equipment for additional backup safety Diverse, flexible coping strategy (FLEX) will meet NRC requirements Nuclear energy remains vital part of U.S. electricity portfolio

Implications of Tsunami Magnitude 9 earthquake rattles Japan All nuclear power plants shut down safely Massive tsunami—about 45 feet high—strikes the east coast Total power failure disables critical safety equipment at Fukushima Daiichi reactors The Fukushima Daiichi accident occurred after a massive earthquake and a series of tsunamis struck the facility. We applaud the courage and determination of the personnel working at the Fukushima Daiichi site. While many of the workers lost family members, their homes and their entire way of life as a result of the earthquake and tsunami, even now, they remain focused on their jobs to protect the health and safety of the public and stabilize the Fukushima Daiichi facility.   Many of our experts and member companies shared resources – equipment, technology and industry knowledge – with the team at the impacted site in Japan. American technology has been installed at the Fukushima Daiichi plant to help decontaminate water that is then used to cool uranium fuel in the reactors. Robotic devices have been provided to help with the debris cleanup at the site. Additional decontamination strategies and practices are being planned. Radiation shielding material to keep plant workers safe has been provided. Our top responsibility is to evaluate operations experience at any site in the U.S. and around the globe. Dedicated to continuous learning. Dedicated to maintaining commitment as we move forward and deliver more electricity to meet growing demand. We do not expect the accident to have a major impact on new nuclear plant licensing in the U.S.

Fukushima Daiichi Today Reactors stabilized New cooling systems operating Decontamination under way Debris removal continues Assessing long-term impact of radiation releases Recovery efforts continue at Fukushima – full decommissioning will take years. Efforts continue to contain/reduce radiation at the site. Giant cover has been erected over one of the damaged reactor buildings. Cooling of reactors and used fuel storage pools continues. Temperatures of reactors were brought to below boiling. Temperatures of used fuel pools remains steady below boiling. Tokyo Electric Power has stabilized the reactors at Fukushima and is focused on long-term cleanup and decommissioning and returning the areas near the facility back to normal. Source: Associated Press Base slide deck

Radiological Impacts in Japan Despite significant radiation releases during the accident, residents at the plant were protected from health impacts Emergency response plans worked as designed Residents were evacuated promptly No radiological consequences beyond Japan Radiation health studies are ongoing No danger to food supply: extensive monitoring of land, water, crops, fish and livestock will continue   Though there was significant release of radiation during the accident, the resident’s near that areas were protected. This was due in part because of an initial evacuation related to the tsunami … and further evacuation according to the plant’s emergency response plan after the Fukushima Daiichi plant lost off-site power to critical safety systems. An area 12 miles around the plant was evacuated and remains off-limits to the residents. Subsequently, in select areas beyond the 12-mile evacuation zone, people were relocated because of contamination. Air, land, water and food products are being tested regularly to ensure that citizens are protected from radiation from the facility. Residents are beginning to return home in some of the evacuated areas. Japan and international organizations are in the early stages of developing health monitoring programs. 6 Base slide deck

U.S. Response to Enhance Safety Reconfirmed safety of U.S. reactors immediately after events in Japan Established factual basis for action through extensive analysis of the Japan events Bias for action results in industry commitments ahead of NRC requirements Applying lessons learned at all U.S. reactors   I would like to spend a few minutes discussing the U.S. industry’s approach to enhancing safety based on lessons learned from the Fukushima accident. I want to explain the industry’s most important safety objectives, how we have added additional layers of safety to U.S. reactors over the past 30 years and additional steps we are taking based on what occurred last year in Japan. In addressing lessons learned from Fukushima, the companies that operate America’s reactors have identified those actions that provide the greatest safety benefits, and we are implementing them first. We are taking action NOW—well before the Nuclear Regulatory Commission requires specific actions in its Tier 1 recommendations. Joe and I represent Entergy and Exelon, but all of the companies that operate America’s reactors are aligned with the short-term priorities for post-Fukushima safety enhancements as recommended by the NRC. The industry has experts, analytical tools and regulations in place that allow us to identify where and how we obtain the greatest safety benefit with the steps that we are making at our facilities. The basic goal is to maintain power to pump cooling water to the reactor and maintain the structural strength of the containment building that houses the reactor. Base slide deck

FLEX Provides Additional Safety We have developed a path forward that the industry believes will provide the maximum safety benefit in the minimum amount of time. We call this approach “diverse and flexible coping capability,” or FLEX for short. Basically, FLEX expands our layered approach to safety by adding diverse portable equipment and supplies—some on site, some staged off site at regional centers. The equipment could be used to enhance permanent facility safety systems against any extreme natural event. Base slide deck

FLEX: Industry Strategy for Action Diverse, flexible coping capacity addresses key issues: Provides coping for extended power loss Maintains reactor and used fuel pool cooling capability Protects against extreme external events Performance-based, all-hazards safety approach Portable backup equipment provides flexible response   Here are some of the details of the FLEX approach, which provides added safety and response capabilities to respond to extreme natural events egardless of their type, magnitude or number. This strategy uses pre-staged, portable equipment to provide another layer of protection for power and cooling capability for the reactor and spent fuel pool. It will also provide power for critical instrumentation at the facility. One of the benefits of this approach is that the equipment can be used to supplement safety equipment built into the plant and other layers of backup protection regardless of the challenge or combination of challenges. This portable equipment will be staged at different parts of the plant and facility grounds so that that are redundant pieces that can be sheltered from extreme events such as flooding or earthquakes. Even if one of two pieces are damaged by an event, there are diverse pieces available in the unlikely event that the primary systems and their backups are unavailable. Base slide deck

Specific Actions Taken at U.S. Reactors More than 300 major pieces of equipment acquired or ordered 66 large portable generators 62 diesel-driven pumps 59 small load diesel generators 13 fire trucks 11 portable ventilation units In the year since the Fukushima accident, the industry has been focused on taking the RIGHT ACTION—adding yet another level of safety and preparedness at our plants. Our approach has been to understand the vulnerabilities at Fukushima that led to the accident after the loss of all electricity to the plant safety systems. We are particularly focused on ensuring the availability of key safety equipment after extreme natural events. We inspected our capabilities in this areas immediately after the earthquake and tsunami in Japan and are taking a second, more exhaustive inspections to ensure we can withstand the worst earthquakes or floods imagined for those areas where are facilities are located. Last fall, our industry completed an exhaustive timeline of events at Fukushima during the first four days after the tsunami. Based in part on that analysis, we are adding another layer of portable equipment that can be used to supplement layer upon layer of safety systems built into the plant and portable safety equipment added after the 9-11 attacks. All companies that operate U.S. reactors have made a commitment to order additional portable equipment that will enhance safety during extreme natural events. They will order this equipment no later than March 31, but many plants already have added additional safety measures. In fact, more than 300 major pieces of equipment have been acquired or are ordered for delivery this year at America’s nuclear energy facilities. This equipment includes: 66 large portable generators (13 on-site, 42 2012 delivery) 62 diesel-driven pumps (32 on-site, 26 2012 delivery) 59 small load diesel generators (14 on-site), 13 fire trucks (1 on-site, 12 2012 delivery) 11 portable ventilation units (all 2012 delivery) Base slide deck

Examples of Additional Actions Verified that equipment, procedures and staffing are in place to respond to threats Verified capability to cope even during a complete loss of power Verified each plant’s capabilities to protect against floods and fires after earthquakes Enhanced capability to protect spent fuel pools against extreme natural events

U.S. Electricity Production Nuclear Energy Today Nuclear energy benefits Clean Safe and secure Affordable and reliable Economically beneficial Forward-looking actions License renewal New plant licensing Blue Ribbon Commission report on used fuel management Nuclear energy helps achieve greater energy independence for America and produces affordable, reliable electricity for one of every five Americans. Safety is the foundation of a thriving nuclear energy industry in America and globally—with more than 430 reactors producing electricity and 65 plants under construction. The need for nuclear energy as part of America’s energy mix is clear, and our culture of safety and shared learning will make safe nuclear energy facilities even safer.   2010 Data [2011 data available soon] Clean Already accounts for 70 percent of low-carbon electricity in America Smallest environmental impact of any low-carbon electricity source Nuclear energy produces no harmful greenhouse gases suspected to cause global warming and no gases that could cause ground-level ozone formation, smog or acid rain Alternative renewable energy sources are important, but can only take us so far — wind and solar can be unreliable and geothermal power isn’t well-suited for all applications Affordable and Reliable With rising energy costs a concern for every American, nuclear energy is an affordable and reliable economic choice for electricity. Nuclear power has the lowest production cost of the major sources of electricity. Nuclear energy facilities are the most efficient on the electricity grid and their costs are more predictable than many other energy sources. 104 reactors in 31 states produce 20 percent of the electricity Production costs are about 2 cents per kilowatt-hour Economically Beneficial From new jobs around new plants to adding $500 million a year to the economy for each new plant brought on line, nuclear plants bring significant economic benefits. Employees at the plant earn an average of 36 percent more than average earnings in the surrounding communities, so the jobs are high-paying. An opinion survey, conducted by Bisconti Research Inc., found that 76 percent of Americans living in close proximity to nuclear power plants are willing to see a new reactor built near them. The industry is moving forward as an essential provider of energy for future generations. We are extending operations of existing reactors for up to 20 additional years. About 3/4s of U.S. reactors have received approval for license renewal from the NRC, including 10 license extensions since last March. The NRC also approved a construction and operating license for 2 new reactors at Georgia Power’s Vogtle nuclear energy facility and is expected, in the coming weeks, to approve a similar permit for reactors in South Carolina. Also, we support many of the recommendations in the administration’s Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future to safely and securely manage used reactor fuel. This includes developing a new management model for this program—moving it to a government corporation structure—and using a consent-based process to site one or two volunteer sites for consolidated storage of spent fuel rods from operating reactors and plants in 10 states that have closed. U.S. Electricity Production Base slide deck

Key Points/Questions Fukushima reactors are stabilized U.S. took immediate action to reconfirm safety and response capability U.S. companies are installing new equipment for additional backup safety Diverse, flexible coping strategy will meet NRC requirements Safe nuclear energy remains vital part of U.S. electricity portfolio The events in Japan last year have caused the U.S. Nuclear Energy industry to look even more closely at ways to ensure that safety is maintained in the face of extreme natural events. Today, we’re here to provide an update on events and clean up at Fukushima Daiichi. We’ll also be sharing important information about actions the U.S. industry has taken since those events to enhance our existing planning and procedures to ensure safety at and around our 104 nuclear energy facilities, as well as recommendations from the NRC and our response. The nuclear energy industry’s primary and constant goal is to make safe nuclear energy facilities even safer. A decades-long commitment to safety and continuous learning is reflected in the operational focus and safety culture at our facilities. Safety is the foundation of a thriving nuclear energy industry in America and globally. Base slide deck