The Long Decline of the Roman Empire

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Presentation transcript:

The Long Decline of the Roman Empire

Crisis and Reform Hostile tribes on borders Pirates on the seas Rome’s economy weakened No new sources of wealth Raised taxes Minted new currency w/ less metals Created inflation

Rome Under Attack

Military Turmoil Less discipline/loyalty soldiers loyal to commanders Mercenaries Citizens less loyal

Emperors Attempt Reform Diocletian made reforms Doubled size of army Set fixed prices for goods Divided empire in two

Constantine Moves the Capital Gained control in 312 AD Continued reforms Moved capital to Byzantium Renamed it Constantinople

Western Empire Crumbles Germanic Invasions-indirect threat Attila and the Huns-direct attack

Empire Ends Last Emperor was a 14 year old boy named Romulus Augustulus Ousted by Germanic forces in 476 Eastern half of empire continued Evolved into Byzantine Empire Cultural influence continued Ideas, customs, institutions

Political Problems Violence, instability, corruption never created an effective system for replacing emperors Praetorian Guard gained complete authority to choose Emperors were overthrown and replaced by generals Ruled for a short time and then were overthrown again Over a 100 years, 37 Emperors reigned, 25 removed by assassination

Economic Problems High taxes Inflation After Rome stopped conquering new land, flow of gold and treasure stopped Gold was still used to pay for luxury items Less gold for currency meant that currency was less valuable Merchants raised their prices People stopped using currency and began to barter

Social Problems Decline in moral values High crime and violence Prostitution Self indulgent and lazy Cruelty- Gladiator combat

Unemployment Large estates with slave labor could produce more goods, more cheaply put small farmers out of work Thousands filled the cities, but no work Free grain for bread had to be imported for 100,000 unemployed people

Urban Decay Wealthy Romans lived in large houses with marble wall, floors with intricate colored tiles, and window of small panes of glass Most Romans lived in small, dark, dangerous, smelly apartments with six or more stories called islands Many were forced to live on streets because they could not pay rent

Rise of Christianity Drastic changes in society Christians were pacifists-wouldn’t defend Rome The Church was attracting able leaders instead of the government or the military Money was being use to build churches instead of to maintain the empire.