Ch 2 The chemistry of life.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Chemistry of Life.

Advertisements

August 23, What do organic compounds have that inorganic compounds do not have? 2. Why is water the universal solvent? 3. What bonds hold water.

Chemistry Review Unit 3, Lesson 1 © 2007, CSCOPE Elements 90 occur naturally 25 essential to living organisms C,H,O,N make up 96% of a human body C HOPKINS.

Life and Chemistry: Small Molecules

Chemical Basis of Life. Chemistry Matter is made up of separate chemical components. –Chemistry = Interactions between atoms/molecules. Biological function.

Life’s Chemical Basis. Start With Atoms  Atoms Fundamental building blocks of matter  Nucleus Positively charged protons Uncharged neutrons (except.

Chemical Basis of Life Chapter 2. Chemistry Matter is made up of separate chemical components –Chemistry = Interactions between atoms/molecules.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. CHAPTER 2.

The Chemical Basis of Life All the chemistry you need to know.

Chapter 4: Chemical Basis of Life.

Environmental Chemistry

Review of Basic Chemistry Chapter 2. What is Biochemistry? Biochemistry – the study of the chemical substances and vital process occurring in living organisms.

Chemical Foundations for Cells Chapter 2. You are chemical, and so is every living and nonliving thing in the universe. You are chemical, and so is every.

Life’s Chemical Basis Chapter Regarding The Atoms Fundamental forms of matter Can’t be broken apart by normal means 92 occur naturally on Earth.

ESCS Review. Composition of Matter (Review) Matter – anything that takes up space, and has mass. Mass – the quantity of matter an object has. Element.

Essentials of Biology Sylvia S. Mader

Basic Chemistry. Chemical Elements Matter – anything that takes up space and has mass –Composed of elements Element – substance that cannot be broken.

The Nature of Molecules Chapter 2. 2 Atomic Structure All matter is ____________ atoms. Understanding the structure of atoms is critical to understanding.

The Chemistry of Life. Section 2.1 Atoms The basic unit of matter are atoms. 100 million atoms would make a row only about 1 cm long! Consists of subatomic.

The Nature of Molecules Chapter 2. 2 Atomic Structure All matter is composed of atoms. Understanding the structure of atoms is critical to understanding.

2 Atoms: The Constituents of Matter All matter is composed of atoms. Each atom consists of at least one proton and one electron. Atoms have mass. The mass.

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life

The Chemical Context of Life. Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds Organisms are composed of matter.

Atoms & Properties of Water Sections 2.1 & Atoms, Ions, & Molecules Key Concept: All living things are based on atoms and their interactions.

Lab Biology Mrs. Campbell Fall 2009 Lesson 1 Matter, Energy and Chemical Processes of Life Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space. Atom –

Chemistry of Life Chapter 2. Chemical Elements 2.1.

The Chemical Basis of Life

What is life’s chemical basis? Atoms – Fundamental building blocks of matter Nucleus – Positively charged protons – Uncharged neutrons (except for hydrogen)

Atoms and Molecules 2.1 Elements and Atoms. Why do we need to study chemistry in a biology class?  Elements are _____  Matter is _____  Solid, liquid,

Biology Basic Chemistry – Chapter 2 Section 1 and 2.

The Chemistry of Life. E. coli vs. E. coli Atoms Submicroscopic units of matter Smallest unit of all physical material.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. CHAPTER 2 LECTURE SLIDES.

Chemistry Review Unit 3, Lesson 1 © 2007, CSCOPE Elements 90 occur naturally 25 essential to living organisms C,H,O,N make up 96% of a human body C HOPKINS.

The Chemical Basis of Life. Structure of an Atom Atom has a nucleus that consists of protons (+) and neutrons (0) Electrons(-) circle the nucleus.

Chapter 2 Of Atoms and Molecules: Chemistry Basics.

$100 $400 $300$200$400 $200$100$100$400 $200$200$500 $500$300 $200$500 $100$300$100$300 $500$300$400$400$500.

The Nature of Molecules Chapter 2. 2 Do Now Complete Vocab pre-quiz for Ch 2.

Chemistry of Life. Chemistry Life depends on chemistry Life depends on chemistry Living things are made from chemical compounds Living things are made.

Do Now Make a food pyramid with 4 levels. Describe the movement and loss of energy between each level.

©2015 Science Island Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. 1 1.

Chemistry of Life Inorganic Chemistry. What is an element? A Pure substance that contains on one type of atom. There are 92 naturally occurring elements.

CHAPTER 2 LECTURE SLIDES

The Nature of Molecules

Basic Chemistry Biology.

Chemistry of Life Chapter 2.

Chapter 2 : The Chemistry of Life

Review of Basic Chemistry

ACADEMIC BIOLOGY BASIC CHEMISTRY NOTES

Some Basic Chemistry.

Chapter 2 Chemistry.

Unit 2 Organic Molecules.

Chemistry for Biology Chapter 2

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Basic Chemistry and Water

Instructions: Glue in your warm-up sheet on the back of your Characteristics of Life foldable page Answer the Characteristics of Life warm-up (1st box.

10/08/09 Chemistry Review.

Chemistry Review Matter: Takes up space and has volume

Why is chemistry important?

9/1/2017 the Chemistry of Life.

Chemistry for Life Chapter 2

9/1/2017 THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE.

Chemistry of Biology.

Biology Basic Chemistry.

The Nature of Matter Mr. Zito

Chemistry Review Chapter 2-3.

Chemistry Review Chemical Bonds Elements form bonds in order to gain, lose or share electrons so that they have a full outer energy level.

Biology Basic Chemistry.

Biology Basic Chemistry.

Presentation transcript:

Ch 2 The chemistry of life

2.1 Atoms make up all matter A. Elements are fundamental types of matter Elements are pure substances They are organized into the periodic table of elements. Only about 25 elements are essential to living things. C,H,O,N are the most abundant Minerals are essential elements other than CHON P, Na, Mg, K, Ca are bulk elements- others are trace elements and you need only a small amount You can get very sick from missing minerals in your diet!

B. Atoms are particles of elements Atom- smallest unit of matter(made of protons, neutrons and electrons) Protons and electrons are equal- if not the atom is an ion(it has a net charge) these are important to living things. C. isotopes have different numbers of neutrons- Mass numbers= protons + neutrons Isotopes are atoms with a varying number of neutrons- these can be radioactive- each radioactive isotope has a characteristic half life- these are important for science and medicine

2.2 Chemical bonds link atoms Molecule- two or more atoms chemically bonded together. Compound- molecule composed of two or more different elements. Characteristics of a compound are very different than the characteristics of the elements that make it up. A. electrons determine bonding- orbitals, energy shell, valence shell- know these terms

B. Covalent bonds share electrons Most of the bonds in biological molecules are covalent bonds. They are not always shared equally as is the case with electronegativity. Nonpolar covalent bond- attractive force of each nucleus of the atoms is equal. Polar covalent bonds- like in water- one atom exerts a greater attractive force. Oxygen is highly electronegative, so water is a polar molecule.

C. Ionic bonds transfer electrons Ionic bonds result from the attractive force between ions. Salt is an example (NaCl) D. Partial charges on polar molecules create hydrogen bonds In a hydrogen bond, opposite partial charges on adjacent molecules-or within a single large molecule- attract each other. Relatively weak bond that is very important in biology.

2.3 water is essential to life. A. Water is cohesive and adhesive Hydrogen bonds contribute to water being cohesive Cohesion- tendency of water to stick together(think surface tension) Adhesion is the tendency of water to form hydrogen bonds with other substances(think capillary action)

B. Many substances dissolve in water Water is essential to life because it can dissolve many substances. Solvent- does the dissolving (aqueous means water is the solvent) Solute- what is being dissolved Solution- made of one or more solutes dissolved in a given solvent

2 categories of chemicals based on affinity for water Hydrophilic- either polar or charged and dissolves easily in water(sugar, salt, ions like electrolytes) Hydrophobic- nonpolar molecules made of carbon and hydrogen like fats and oils do not dissolve in water.

C. Water regulates temperature Water resists temperature change. A lot of heat is needed to evaporate water.

D. Water expands as it freezes Helps keep ponds from freezing from the bottom up.

E. Water participates in Life’s chemical reactions Life depends on thousands of simultaneous chemical reactions. A chemical reaction occurs when two or more molecules swap their atoms to yield different molecules. Reactants- starting materials Products- ending materials

2.4 organisms balance acids and bases A chemically neutral solution would have the same number of H+ and OH- ions. An acid is a chemical that adds H+ ions making them outnumber the OH- ions. (examples, H2SO4 and HCl) A base is opposite of an acid: it makes the concentration of OH- ions greater. (examples, baking soda and NaOH) Acids and bases neutralize each other. Both are important in every day life.

A. The pH scale expresses acidity or alkalinity 7 is neutral pH < 7 is an acid pH > 7 is a base All organisms have pH requirements. Human blood should be between 7.35 to 7.45. Too much variation either direction can be deadly

B. Buffer systems regulate pH pH is regulated in living things by buffering systems. These are pairs of weak acids and bases that resist changes in pH.