China after Mao China (1976 - today)

Pragmatists in power 1976 Mao and Zhou Enlai die Pragmatists arrest Gang of Four G of 4 wants more Cultural Revolution Blamed for excesses of C.R. Deng Xiaoping new premier CCP “Black cat, white cat, who cares…” “Mao was right 70% of the time” Four modernizations Agriculture Industry Science and tech Defense Build relations with West Make consumer goods, not just heavy industry

Special Economic Zones Deng allows foreign owned factories in S.E.Z.s Promotes investment, technology, and managerial techniques Just four zones in 1980. Then 14 in 1984. China’s economy grows at a staggering rate.

Shenzhen 1980 2010

Tiananmen Square protests Economic freedom grows. People want political freedom too. Cronyism and corruption in government Tiananmen Square protests begin April 1989 More civil liberties Working conditions career opportunities

Free markets, not free people Protests crushed June 1989 Hundreds killed. Thousands wounded Gov. hunts down leaders West condemned crackdown Banned arm sales to China But other sanctions were weak

One Child Policy Introduced in 1979 to control population growth Violators face huge fines Results: 400m fewer Chinese in 2007- says gov. 120 boys for every 100 girls Girls aborted, neglected, abandoned 76% approve of law in 2008

Hong Kong is China again July 1997 GB handed control of Hong Kong back to China China promises “one nation, two systems” for 50 years "high degree of autonomy in all areas except defense and foreign affairs.“ HK may maintain its capitalist system and freedoms of its people.

Tibet Taken by PRC in 1950. Cultural Revolution misery Rebellion crushed in 1958. Dalia Lama in exile Called “autonomous region” Cultural Revolution misery 6,000 monasteries destroyed Up to 1,000,000 dead Tension persists 28 self-immolations 2008-2009

China today Economically: Capitalist Politically: Chinese Communist Party in control Issues: Intellectual property and theft Aging population Rural to urban migration US debt

Resistance to Development Government evicts residents to make room for development Gov payouts often too small. Some residents refuse to leave. Construction continues anyway.

Rich and Poor

Beijing Olympics 2008

US trade deficit with China

Made in China Bad Good Lead painted toys 2007 Chemicals in toothpaste Chemicals in pet food Chemicals in dry wall Cars unsafe Good iPads, iPhones, etc Anything customized Anything traditional: Jade, silk, porcelain, tea

China today

Pollution Severe smog Clean water is scarce Millions lack clean water

China today “Let China sleep, for when it wakes, it will shake the world.” -Napoleon Xi Jinping