American Entry & Homefront

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Presentation transcript:

American Entry & Homefront

US Entry into WWII September 1939- Hitler Invades Poland, Britain/France declare war, American Neutrality Act August 1941- Atlantic Charter December 7, 1941- Pearl Harbor December 8th United States declares war on Japan December 11th Germany/Italy declare war on the US January 1, 1942- UN Declaration

Impacts on the Homefront Families Women Economy Impacts on the Homefront Military Internment Propaganda Race Relations Pop Culture

Women Over 6 million joined the workforce Women in the military Mostly industrial, made 40% less than men “Rosie the Riveter” Women in the military WAAC (Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps) non combat roles WASPs (Women Airforce Service Pilots) transport planes WAVES (Women Accepted Volunteer Emergency Service) Navy Unlike WWI, many of these changes stuck after the war ended

Families Mothers working- fathers off at war Increased Marriages Teenagers drifted, became delinquents Child care– mothers no longer in the home When fathers returned from war, many had a hard time adjusting and getting to know each other again Increased Marriages Up 300% as the war began! Young men eager to marry before they left for war!

Economic Changes Unemployment dropped to 1.2%! Farmers prospered Good weather (end of Dust Bowl), increased production War Bond Investments

Internment 110,000 Japanese immigrants (Citizens & aliens) Placed in 10 different camps Korematsu v. United States Internment deemed legal in “time of crisis”

Pop Culture Cartoons Music Propaganda films, used popular cartoons to sell bonds & raise support Appeal to children, families Music War time themes; religion mixed with current events Big band, swing most popular

Race Relations Discrimination Zoot Suit Riots Black Americans rejected from jobs, military A. Philip Randolph (labor leader marched on Washington) Roosevelt signed order require non-discrimination in hiring Zoot Suit Riots July 1943 Los Angeles 11 Sailors claimed they were attacked by Mexican Americans (“Zoot suits”) Days of violent rights

Propaganda Racist symbols and cartoons Aimed usually to invoke patriotism Some for citizens, some aimed at soldiers Supported- draft, rationing, war bonds, democracy

Military Draft GI Bill (1944) Minorities Selective Service- all men 18-35 5 million volunteered 10 million drafted GI Bill (1944) Home loans, and college tuition for those who served Minorities Tuskegee Airmen- all black combat unit, major wins in Italy “The Buffaloes” (92nd Infantry) one of most decorated units! 100th Battalion – all Japanese; most decorated unit! (Known as Purple Heart Battalion)