Increasing Pressure on Germany December 15, 2016

World War II so far… September 1939: WWII starts when Germany invades Poland Germany take over Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg, and France September 1940: London Blitz May 1941: Germany invade USSR December 1941: Pearl Harbor January 1942: Bataan Death March May 1942: Battle at Coral Sea August 1942: Battle at Midway February 1943: Guadalcanal March 1943: Germany retreat from USSR April 1943: Germany invade North Africa

January 1943: FDR & Churchill meet in Casablanca, Morocco Increase bombing of Germany Will accept ONLY unconditional surrender Germans MUST give up completely without any concessions (no negotiate) Hitler, Mussolini, & Tojo CANNOT stay in power Stalin STILL waiting for help in France Bases in England USE: 1. Saturation bombing Nonstop bombs dropped on German cities GOAL: maximum damage Strategic bombing Bomb key political/ industrial areas GOAL: destroy Germany’s capacity to make war Bombers: VERY DANGEROUS (20% casualty) Tuskegee Airmen: African American escort pilots Out of 1500 missions…Did NOT lose 1 bomber

In Pacific: 1. Americans just secured GUADALCANAL (Feb 1943) Island Hopping to INVADE Japan 2. At same time – Prevent Japan invasion of Australia Back in Europe… May 1943: Allies push Germans/ Italians out of N. Africa July 1943: Allies start invasion of Italy Go in from Sicily (2 miles from Italy) Eisenhower in command Allies complete control of Western Mediterranean Ended rule of Mussolini Escapes to fortress September 1943: Italy surrenders to Allies 5 weeks later… Newly formed Italian gov’t declares war on Germany Many Italians against Mussolini & Hitler Germany no longer on OFFENSIVE Now on DEFENSIVE

Following Guadalcanal, Problem: Japan still needs military base to invade AUSTRALIA New Guinea Campaign March 1943 – June 1945 Many battles to prevent Japan from capturing New Guinea GOAL: Japan wants New Guinea to build military base to attack AUSTRALIA Remember General MacArthur??? General in charge for Allies BATTLE OF BISMARCK SEA March 2 – 4, 1943 (3 days) Japan sending convoys containing thousands of Japanese soldiers to fight in New Guinea

RESULT: Success for Allies Allies’ Goal: Destroy convoys carrying Japanese soldiers to prevent soldiers reaching New Guinea RESULT: Success for Allies Over 2,800 Japanese soldiers died Soldiers don’t reach New Guinea 1943: Fighting over New Guinea continues until end of war