New Horizons By: Brandy Lathrop Due: 3-3-17

Table of contents When About New Horizons History The Goal Design Naming Themes What Was Found

When Launch date-January 19th, 2006 Flyby of Jupiter-February 28, 2007, 05:43:40 UTC Flyby of Pluto-July 14, 2015, 11:49:57 UTC Estimated flyby of 2014 MU-January 1, 2019

About New horizons Launch mass-478 kg (1,054 lb) Manufacturer Launch mass-478 kg (1,054 lb) Dry mass-401 kg (884 lb) Payload mass-30.4 kg (67 lb) Dimensions-2.2 × 2.1 × 2.7 m (7.2 × 6.9 × 8.9 ft) Power-228 watts January 19, 2006, 19:00 UTC

History New Horizons was based largely on Stern's work since Pluto 350 and involved most of the team from Pluto Kuiper Express. Goddard Space Flight Center and Stanford University, were at an advantage; they had recently developed NEAR Shoemaker for NASA, which had successfully entered orbit around 433 Eros earlier in the year, and would later land on the asteroid to scientific and engineering fanfare. New Horizons topped the list of projects considered the highest priority among the scientific community in the medium-size category; ahead of missions to the Moon, and even Jupiter.

What was the goal Map the surface composition of Pluto and Charon Characterize the geology and morphology of Pluto and Charon Characterize the neutral atmosphere of Pluto and its escape rate search for an atmosphere around Charon Map surface temperatures on Pluto and Charon Search for rings and additional satellites around Pluto Conduct similar investigations of one or more Kuiper belt objects

Design The spacecraft is comparable in size and general shape to a grand piano. Inspired by Ulysses.  New Horizons' body forms a triangle, almost 0.76 m (2.5 ft) thick.  The interior structure is painted black to equalize temperature by radiative heat transfer.

Naming Themes for landscapes Pluto ●    Gods, goddesses and other beings associated with the underworld from mythology, folklore and literature ●    Names for the underworld and for underworld locales from mythology, folklore and literature ●    Heroes and other explorers of the underworld ●    Scientists and engineers associated with Pluto and the Kuiper Belt ●    Pioneering space missions and spacecraft ●    Historic pioneers who crossed new horizons in the exploration of the Earth, sea and sky Charon ●    Destinations and milestones of fictional space and other exploration ●    Fictional and mythological vessels of space and other exploration ●    Fictional and mythological voyagers, travelers and explorers ●    Authors and artists associated with space exploration, especially Pluto and the Kuiper Belt Themes for Pluto’s smaller moons are: •    Styx: River gods •    Nix: Deities of the night •    Kerberos: Dogs from literature, mythology and history •    Hydra: Legendary serpents and dragons

What was found Pluto’s atmospheric hazes and lower-than-predicted atmospheric escape rate upended all of the pre-flyby models. Evidence found by New Horizons indicates Pluto could well have an internal water-ice ocean today. All of Pluto’s moons that can be age-dated by surface craters have the same, ancient age—adding weight to the theory that they were formed together in a single collision between Pluto and another planet in the Kuiper Belt long ago. Charon’s dark, red polar cap is unprecedented in the solar system and may be the result of atmospheric gases that escaped Pluto and then accreted on Charon’s surface. Pluto’s vast 1,000-kilometer-wide heart-shaped nitrogen glacier (informally called Sputnik Planum) that New Horizons discovered is the largest known glacier in the solar system. Pluto’s atmosphere is blue.

Works cited https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Horizons https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/newhorizons/main/ https://www.nasa.gov/feature/one-year-later-new-horizons-top-10- discoveries-at-pluto https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/oct/18/nasa-spacecraft-new- horizons-hints-clouds-on-pluto http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/horizons-discoveries-space-probe- made-journey-pluto/story?id=32442330