The Protestant Reformation was the religious revolution that challenged the Catholic Church and led to further division of Christianity

b. Causes of (reasons for) the Protestant Reformation: The Catholic Church was too concerned with worldly issues (i.e. money & power) Europeans were angry about the selling of indulgences- (church officials had people pay them to have their sins forgiven)

c. Printing press: invented by Johannes Gutenberg; allowed ideas to spread quickly

German monk who nailed his 95 Theses (list of complaints) to the door of the church. He was must concerned with sale of indulgences. He was excommunicated (kicked out of the church)

John Calvin believed in predestination, which is the idea that God already knows who will be sent to Heaven or Hell.

Henry VIII King of England who separated from the Catholic Church because the Pope would not grant him an annulment from his wife Act of Supremacy- made Henry the head of the Anglican Church (Church of England)

Effects (results) of the Protestant Reformation Power of the Catholic Church declines Catholic Counter- Reformation (attempt to regain followers) Council of Trent- church leaders agree to try and end abuses in the church Spanish inquisition- church court set up to put heretics (people who spoke out against the church) on trial; many were persecuted Missionaries- try to spread Catholicism

Queen Mary (aka: Bloody Mary) Henry VIII’s daughter ruled England and killed many protestants because she was trying to make the country Catholic again

Religious unity declines (at this point, there are Catholics and Protestants; in the future there will be even more Christian denominations)

New church denominations