Ecological Succession and Biomes Ames Allen-King

Ecological Succession Changes in an ecosystem Caused by organisms having biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) interactions Primary succession Secondary Succession

Primary Succession Occurs in an environment where no organisms previously existed Example: Volcan Osorno, Chile

Secondary Succession Where ecosystems already exist, but are replaced Not necessarily a change in organism Example: Forest Fire

Biomes A type of ecosystem found around the world Rainfall and Temperature determine what kind of ecosystem exists. All the biomes in the world together = Biosphere

The Major Biomes Desert Grassland Shrubland Temperate Deciduous Forest Tropical Rainforest Tundra

Deserts Rainfall very low Warm/hot days with cold nights Very few plants

Desert (Continued)

Grassland Rainfall low Warm/hot summers but cold winters Mostly shorter grasses and herbs

Grassland Continued

Shrubland Cool, wet winters with hot dry summers Frequent fires during summer Draught-resistant plants Evergreen foliage

Shrubland (Continued)

Temperate Deciduous Forest Moderate rainfall Warm summers and cool winters Mainly trees that shed their leaves in winter

Temperate Deciduous Forest (Continued)

Tropical Rainforest Large amounts of rainfall Hot or very hot year-round Tall evergreen trees, smaller trees, and shrubs and herbs dominate.

Tropical Rainforest (Continued)

Tundra Very low temperatures Little precipitation, mainly snow Small trees Mosses and lichens frequent

Tundra (Continued)

Bibliography http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/desert.htm http://www.ayacara.cl/Excursion%20saltos%20de%20petrohue- volcan%20osorno.htm http://www.harrissouthnorwood.org.uk/165/inside-a-tropical-rainforest http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Death_Valley,19820816,Desert,inc oming_near_Shoshones.jpg http://florc.edu.glogster.com/tropical-rainforest/ http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/rainforest.htm http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/tundra.htm http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/tundra- profile/

Bibliography (Continued) http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Experiments/Biome/biograssland.php http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/grasslands.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrubland http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/chaparral.htm http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/tempded.htm https://wildtracks.wordpress.com/world-ecosystems/forest- ecosystems/temperate-forest-ecosystem/ http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/deciduous_forest.htm Allott, Andrew. Biology for the IB Diploma: Standard and Higher Level. 2nd ed.     Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.