HW #1 Due: Ch. 1: P11, P12, P13, P14, PM2 Ch.2: P7, P12

Fundamental Properties of Light This Lecture: Chapter 1 (review +) Fundamental Properties of Light Reading Assignment: All Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Geometric Optics Reading Assignment: All Chapter 2

Properties of Light How does it travel? How fast does it travel? What is it that travels? Is it wave, particle, or just rays?

Light travels in a straight line

Light travels in a straight line The intensity varies with the square of the distance

(example: comets tail is always facing away from the sun) Light has momentum (example: comets tail is always facing away from the sun)

Reflection

Refraction

Diffraction silver lining

Light is Wave What is a wave?! distance Harmonic wave: wavelength Frequency (Hertz) Velocity (300,000,000 meters/sec) Wavelength (meters)

amplitude z frequency or wavelength z phase z

Wavefront

Light has color!! Color of the light depends on its wavelength …..

*Ripple Tank Waves http://www.cbu.edu/%7Ejvarrian/applets/waves3/ripple.htm * Longitudinal and Transverse Waves -2 http://acad.ursinus.edu/%7Emtakats/gifcat/wavedemo.html *Waves, ElectroMagnetic http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/electromagnetic/index.html *Oscillating Charge Field http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/applets/fieldwaves.html

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Visible Light Spectrum

Resonance Spring Strings (musical instruments) Antenna Radio or TV Tuner Microwave Ovens Atoms and Light Oscillations have natural frequency (= resonance frequency)

Light sources (thermal) *Color Temperature (Vase) http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/colortemperature/index.html *Black Body http://jersey.uoregon.edu/vlab/PlankRadiationFormula/index.html

Fluorescent Lamp Light Spectrum of various sources *Phosphorescence: E&M Radiation (Joblonski Diagram) http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/jablonski/index.html

Laser (Ruby) End of Chapter 1 *E&M Radiation (Absorption and Emission) http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/exciteemit/index.html * Ruby Laser http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/laser/index.html End of Chapter 1

Geometrical Optics (Chapter 2) When objects are much larger than the wavelength Light Rays (Ray Optics)

Shadows *Shadow-point source *Shadow: Extended Source http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/shadows/pointShadow.html *Shadow: Extended Source http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/shadows/extendedShadow.html

Solar Eclipse: Aug. 11 1999 Earth Moon SUN

The Lunar Eclipse

Pinhole Camera *Pinhole Camera http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/pinholes/pinhole.html

Depth of Image and more

The effect of pinhole size

Diffraction

Reflection *Oscillating Charge Field http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/applets/fieldwaves.html

Law of Reflection Normal

Mirrors Silvered (first surface, second surface) Half silvered

Reflectivity (how much is reflected?) Grazing Incidence Reflection (glass windows, water surfaces, waxed floors, etc.)

Sun Pillars and Sub Suns

Ice Crystals

Sub Sun A bright subsun looking downwards from 11,000m over Italy, late afternoon 18th July 1995. The halo was intermittently visible over the southern and central parts of the country covered by a thin cirrus sheet. The halo elongated and contracted as the tilts of the plate crystal mirrors changed. Reflections from lakes and rivers shine through the cloud. Video by Les Cowley.

Sub Sun

http://www.members.tripod.com/~regenbogen/englisch/atlas.htm

Sun Pillar

Multiple Reflections Example: Second Surface Mirrors