The 1920s Part Two CANADA AND THE WORLD HISTORY 3040 Dr. Curtis Cole Trent University in Oshawa December 27, 2009

The 1920s: Part Two The New Soviet Union

The Russian Revolution The 1920s: Part Two The Russian Revolution

The 1920s: Part Two KARL MARX 1818-1883

THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO, 1848 The 1920s: Part Two KARL MARX 1818-1883 FRIEDRICH ENGELS 1820-1895 THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO, 1848

THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO, 1848 The 1920s: Part Two THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO, 1848 unified German republic democratic suffrage universal free education arming the people progressive income tax limitations on inheritance state ownership of banks, railroads, canals, mines, etc. collectivized agriculture

The 1920s: Part Two KARL MARX DAS KAPITAL, 1867

MARXISM The 1920s: Part Two DAS KAPITAL, 1867 French Revolution Industrial Revolution German philosophy Social and Economic Equality Personal Liberty Alienation KARL MARX DAS KAPITAL, 1867

MARXISM Classes The 1920s: Part Two DAS KAPITAL, 1867 Feudal Bourgeois Class Conflict Revolution England, 1642 France, 1789 Germany 1848 KARL MARX DAS KAPITAL, 1867

MARXISM Dialectic Social Revolution Classes The 1920s: Part Two MARXISM Aristotle Classes Bourgeois Proletariat Dialectic Social Revolution Dictatorship of the Proletariat KARL MARX DAS KAPITAL, 1867

Russia, 1917 The 1920s: Part Two top down, not bottom up Government by “Soviets” top down, not bottom up Lenin

New Constitution: July 19, 1918 local Soviets The 1920s: Part Two New Constitution: July 19, 1918 Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic local Soviets provincial Congress of Soviets All Russian Congress of Soviets Executive Committee People’s Commissars open elections Lenin

The 1920s: Part Two Communist Party Central Committee Political Bureau ruled country Lenin

New Constitution: July 19, 1918 Part One: The 1920s: Part Two New Constitution: July 19, 1918 Part One: Declaration of the Rights of Toiling and Exploited Peoples Lenin

Soviet Democracy The 1920s: Part Two New Constitution: July 19, 1918 All Russian Congress Central Executive Committee Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom) Soviet Democracy = Communist Party Monopoly Lenin

New Constitution: July 19, 1918 disenfranchised: The 1920s: Part Two New Constitution: July 19, 1918 disenfranchised: exploiters private business people clergy pre-revolutionary police royalty mentally unfit criminals “enemies of the people” Lenin

New Constitution: July 19, 1918 disproportionate urban vote The 1920s: Part Two New Constitution: July 19, 1918 disproportionate urban vote 1 urban vote = 5 rural votes federal constitution Communist Party born March 1918 membership restricted First Purge, 1921 Lenin

Politburo Orgburo Secretariat The 1920s: Part Two All-Union Congress of Soviets Central Committee Politburo Orgburo Secretariat Lenin

Original Politburo Members The 1920s: Part Two Original Politburo Members Lenin Stalin Trotsky

The 1920s: Part Two Lenin died January, 1924

The 1920s: Part Two Lenin’s Successors? Trotsky Stalin

The 1920s: Part Two Trotsky Leon Bronstein - born 1879 Chairman, St. Petersburg Soviet, 1905 joined Bolsheviks 1917 Commissar for War Lenin considered him “heir-apparent” Trotsky

The 1920s: Part Two born 1879 born in Georgia Stalin

The 1920s: Part Two

The 1920s: Part Two born 1879 born in Georgia Josip Djugashvili Stalin

The 1920s: Part Two “Comrade Stalin, having become General Secretary, has concentrated enormous power in his hands, and I am not sure he always knows how to use that power with sufficient caution.... Lenin’s “Testament”

Not published for 30 years! The 1920s: Part Two “Stalin is too rude, and this fault, acceptable among us Communists, is intolerable in the office of General Secretary. Therefore I propose to the Comrades to find a way to remove Stalin from that position and appoint to it a man who is... more patient, more loyal, more polite, and more attentive to comrades, less capricious.…” Not published for 30 years! Lenin’s “Testament”

The 1920s: Part Two Stalin

The 1920s: Part Two Stalin with Molotov

Molotov, Stalin and Voroshilov The 1920s: Part Two Molotov, Stalin and Voroshilov

The 1920s: Part Two Trotsky

The 1920s: Part Two Lev Kamenev Grigorii Zinoviev

The 1920s: Part Two Lev Kamenev Leon Trotsky Grigorii Zinoviev

Assassinated, Mexico City, 1940 The 1920s: Part Two Trotsky Assassinated, Mexico City, 1940

CANADA AND THE WORLD The 1930s Part One NEXT CLASS: January 11, 2010 HISTORY 304 CANADA AND THE WORLD NEXT CLASS: January 11, 2010 The 1930s Part One Reading: Stacey, vol. II, pp. 122-193