Hybrid Orbitals with Multiple Bonds

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Presentation transcript:

Hybrid Orbitals with Multiple Bonds

Hybridization with Multiple Bonds Still dealing with covalent bonds Looking more in depth at the traits of covalent bonds Chemical bonds—region of orbital overlaps

C2H4

Sigma(σ) Bonds All single covalent bonds Involves ONE HYBRIDIZED orbital Formed by orbital overlap (orbitals do NOT have to be the same) Resembles an “s” orbital when looking at chemical bond σ bond framework = electron group geometry Example: Figure 10.21(a) p. 412

Pi(π) Bonds Covalent bonds Involves half-filled, unhybridized orbitals Resembles a “p” orbital when looking at bond Created by “parallel orbital overlap” from remaining “p” orbitals Half-filled p orbitals

Multiple Covalent Bonds Combination of sigma and pi bonds Double covalent bonds— 1 sigma bond 1 pi bond Triple covalent bonds— 2 pi bonds

Again…. C2H4

Example 1: Formic acid (HCOOH) Molecular geometry Hybridization Bonding scheme

Example 2: Nitric Acid (HNO3) Molecular geometry Hybridization Bonding scheme

Example 3: Methanol (CH3OH) Molecular geometry Hybridization Bonding scheme