Respiratory System Chapter 9

Overview: what we will cover Combining forms of terms Respiratory System Overview of Anatomy & Physiology Breathing Patterns Common Conditions of the Lung Physical Exam and Testing Terms to Know

Combining Forms for the Respiratory System alveol/o alveolus alveolar (air sac) bronch/o bronchus bronchoscope bronchi/o (airway) bronchiocele

Combining Forms for the Respiratory System bronchiol/o bronchiole bronchiolitis (little airway) capn/o carbon dioxide hypercapnia carb/o hypocarbia

Combining Forms for the Respiratory System laryng/o larynx laryngospasm (voice box) lob/o lobe lobectomy (a portion)

Combining Forms for the Respiratory System ox/o oxygen hypoxemia phren/o diaphragm phrenospasm (also mind) pleur/o pleura pleurisy

Combining Forms for the Respiratory System pneum/o air/lung pneumonia pneumon/o pneumonectomy pulmon/o lung pulmonologist spir/o breathing spirometry thorac/o chest thoracotomy pector/o pectoralgia steth/o stethoscope

Combining Forms for the Respiratory System trache/o trachea trachea (windpipe) uvul/o uvula uvulitis -pnea breathing dyspnea (additional suffix)

Respiratory System Overview

Respiration also known as breathing or ventilation The exchange of gases, called respiration, occurs in the alveoli also known as breathing or ventilation inspiration or inhalation intake of air (oxygen) expiration or exhalation outflow of air (carbon dioxide)

Breathing Patterns eupnea — normal breathing bradypnea — slow breathing tachypnea — fast breathing hypopnea — shallow breathing hyperpnea — deep breathing dyspnea — difficulty breathing apnea — inability to breathe orthopnea — ability to breathe only in an upright position Cheyne-Stokes – increase in depth and rate followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea. Seen in the dying patient

Breathing Patterns (continued)

Common Conditions of the Lungs Asthma Atelectasis Bronchitis Emphysema COPD Pneumonia Pneumothorax PE TB Sleep Apnea URI

Pneumothorax

Common Conditions cont’d Pleural Effusion – accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity. Empyema – pus in the pleural cavity Hemothorax – blood in the pleural cavity

Physical Exam & Testing Auscultation Percussion Lung Scan (V/Q scan) Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) Spirometry Bronchoscopy EBUS (endobronchial ultrasound) physician makes an incision above the breast bone and then uses a mediastinoscope for biopsy. Used to diagnose lung CA, infections, and other diseases. https://youtu.be/2t6CHcIm2Oc

Bronchoscopy Procedure

Principles of Spirometry

Operative Terms to Know Lobectomy Pneumonectomy Thoracentesis Thoracoscopy Thoracostomy Thoracotomy Tracheostomy Tracheotomy

Additional Terms to Know… Hypoxemia vs hypoxia Obstructive lung disorder Cpap (continuous positive airway pressure) Anticoagulants Heparin, Coumadin, Xarelto, Lovenox Bronchodilator Short acting (Albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin) Long acting (Advair, Dulera, Symbicort) This project was funded at $3,000,000 (100% of its total cost) from a grant awarded under the Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training Grants, as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. Rogue Community College is an equal opportunity employer/program. Auxiliary aids and services, alternate form and language services are available to individuals with disabilities and limited English proficiency free of cost upon request.   This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.