EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

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Presentation transcript:

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

In the psychological experiment: cause and effect relationships are tested variables are controlled random allocation is important Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

Consider an experiment on road rage Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

Would an anger management technique reduce the incidence of road rage in people previously convicted of road rage? Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

To investigate, people convicted of road rage could be tested To investigate, people convicted of road rage could be tested. Using random allocation, participants could be assigned to either of two groups. Group 1: Experimental group Group 2: Control group Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

Group 1: Experimental Group The two groups should be as alike as possible and be exposed to the same conditions, except for the IV in the experimental group. Group 1: Experimental Group (IV is present) Group 2: Control Group Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

Group 1 (E group) and Group 2 (C group) will: - be as alike as possible eg. participant characteristics - exposed to same conditions, except - E group only is exposed to the IV - C group is used for comparison The IV is the ‘treatment’; the variable that the experimenter changes or manipulates. What is the IV in this experiment? Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

IV: anger management technique Group 1: Experimental group (Participants undertake anger management) Group 2: Control group Participants do not undertake anger management Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

The dependent variable (DV): participants’ responses are observed and recorded to measure the effects of the IV What is the DV in this experiment? Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

DV: number of incidences of road rage Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

Comparison of DV in the E and C groups If there is a significant difference (eg. lower incidence of road rage), then it is assumed the difference is caused by the presence of the IV. However, it is important that variables other than the IV that can impact on the DV have also been controlled. Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

Confounding Variable A variable other than the IV that has an unwanted effect on the DV, making it impossible to determine which of the variables has produced changes in the DV. Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

POTENTIAL CONFOUNDING VARIABLES (‘CONFOUNDS’’) GENDER Could gender change the results of this experiment if not controlled (by ensuring similar numbers of males and females in the E and C groups)? Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

ETHNICITY Could ethnicity change the results of this experiment if not controlled? Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

DRIVING EXPERIENCE Could amount and/or type of driving experience change the results of this experiment if not controlled? Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

PARTICIPANTS’ INDIVIDUAL TEMPERAMENTS Could the temperament of individual participants change the results of this experiment if not controlled? Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010

ARE THERE ANY OTHER POTENTIAL CONFOUNDING VARIABLES THAT WOULD NEED TO BE CONTROLLED? Psychology for the VCE student Units 1 and 2 5th edition (copyright) John Grivas, Linda Carter, 2010