UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DEL ECUADOR SEDE IBARRA   MAESTRÍA APLICADA A LA EDUCACIÓN BILINGÜE ESPAÑOL – INGLÉS FIRST SEMESTER Being and having : The transitivity of relational and existential processes Previous work to obtain a score in Syntax Author : Francisco Mantilla Professor: Monik Vinueza , M.Sc.    Ibarra, August 2012

ATTRIBUTIVE RELATIONAL PROCESS Carrier: Subject Attribute: Complement Types of Attributes: Quality: Adjective o group adjective The adult female(hind) is considerably smaller Class: noun or noun group The leader, who is always a hind Circunstance: Prepositional phrases Somebody was in the house

LINKING VERBS Perception- Type linking verbs Looked – seem - sound – smelled – taste I can taste a lot of salt in the soup. Change – type linking verbs Become – turn into – get – grow – fall Abortion becomes very controversial these days Circumstance - type linking verbs Last – concern – stand – weigh The contest lasts 4 to 6 hours.

Expansion of Attributes Adjectives: Pre-modifiers: adverbs, nouns, adjectives. Post-modifiers: clause, to Verb, verb ing, prepositional phrases. Affection- Cognition – Volition I´m happy to join with you today. Comparison: suffix – er, premodifying less, as, than etc.

POSTPONED CARRIERS Carriers moved from subjects positions. That America has defaulted on this promissory note is obvious. It’s obvious that America has defaulted on this promissory note. Types of Attributes that combine with postponed carriers. Evaluation of the state: It’s good that you were able to see him before he left. Judgment of the state: It’s certain that things will get worse before they get better. facility and potentially: It’s not easy to get an appointment before next month. Obligation and necessity: It’s compulsory for all students to attend tutorials.

Mental process or attribute process Mental process or attribute process? She was pleased by the way George put it. She was happy at the way George put it. The way George put it pleased her. Leaning and teaching attribute clauses. Compare of the attributes: She compare with me is tall She is taller than me IDENTIFYING RELATIONAL CLAUSES Not only assign an attribute. A mammal is an animal that suckles its young. A animal that suckles its young is an animal. A is B Identifier Identified

Linking verbs in identifying Process Attributive linking verbs  Passive voice Perception, Change, Circumstance . Symbolizing verbs: man, represent, signify, exemplify, define, and equal. The electronic research library symbolizes the cutting edge… Possessive relational processes. Each of them had their own porridge bowl. Monsoon Asia includes those countries which are affected by the monsoon rain.

EXISTENTIAL PROCESSES Existential clauses consist of jut one participant, known as the existent. Once upon a time there were three bears. The verb to be is used in existential clauses It’s possible to omit there to express existence Inside every university will be an electronic virtual university. Learning and teaching possessive and existential processes. Every classroom has an overhead projector. There is an overhead projector in every classroom.